update

kernel/bin/basename

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const parts = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => a !== '--')
   if (!parts.length) {

kernel/bin/cat

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const vfs = ctx.vfs
   const files = argv.slice(1)

kernel/bin/chmod

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/** Shared helpers for drive-resident /bin scripts (prepended before each command). */
+function bareStdin(ctx) {
+  return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
+async function run(ctx, argv) {
+  const modeStr = argv[1]
+  const files = argv.slice(2)
+  if (!modeStr || !files.length) {
+    ctx.console.error('usage: chmod OCTAL_MODE FILE...')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const mode = Number.parseInt(String(modeStr), 8)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(mode) || mode < 0) {
+    ctx.console.error('chmod: invalid mode')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (const f of files) {
+    try {
+      await ctx.vfs.chmod(f, mode)
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.console.error('chmod: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+    }
+  }
+}

kernel/bin/clear

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const seq = '\x1b[H\x1b[2J\x1b[3J'
   if (typeof ctx.writeScreen === 'function') {

kernel/bin/crontab

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const vfs = ctx.vfs
   const home = vfs.env?.HOME || '/home/guest'

kernel/bin/date

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const utc = argv.includes('-u') || argv.includes('--utc')
   const d = new Date()

kernel/bin/dirname

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const parts = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => a !== '--')
   if (!parts.length) {

kernel/bin/echo

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const parts = argv.slice(1)
   let n = false

kernel/bin/env

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const e = ctx.vfs.env
   for (const k of Object.keys(e).sort()) {

kernel/bin/exit

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 /** Drive-resident exit: ends the booter session (ctx.requestBooterExit from bare-os-booter). */
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   let ec = 0

kernel/bin/false

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   ctx.exitCode = 1
 }

kernel/bin/grep

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 /**
  * Subset of POSIX/GNU grep behavior using JavaScript RegExp / string search.
  * Not bit-identical to GNU grep (no PCRE, different escaping, UTF-16 strings).

kernel/bin/hdms

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   if (typeof ctx.runHdms === 'function') {
     await ctx.runHdms(argv)

kernel/bin/head

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const vfs = ctx.vfs
   let n = 10

kernel/bin/help

@@ -3,9 +3,66 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   ctx.console.log(
-    'Bare OS — default user: guest | builtins: alias, cd, export, exit, login, logout, unalias | /bin: basename cat clear crontab date dirname echo env exit false git grep head hdms help hostname id login logout ls nl pathchk printenv pwd rm savevault seq sleep sort tail test touch true tty uname wc which whoami'
+    'Bare OS — default user: guest | builtins: alias, cd, export, exit, login, logout, unalias | /bin: basename cat chmod clear crontab date dirname echo env exit false git grep head hdms help hostname id login logout ls nl pathchk printenv pwd rm savevault seq sleep sort tail test touch true tty uname wc which whoami'
   )
   ctx.console.log(
     'Identity: login [--new] <passphrase> | logout [--save] | savevault (encrypt copy of personal drive under /.bare/vault/)'

kernel/bin/hostname

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const h =
     globalThis.process?.env?.HOSTNAME ||

kernel/bin/id

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const e = ctx.vfs.env
   const u = e.USER || e.LOGNAME || 'guest'

kernel/bin/login

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const rest = argv.slice(1)
   let createNew = false

kernel/bin/logout

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const save = argv.includes('--save')
   const logout = ctx.applyLogout

kernel/bin/ls

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const vfs = ctx.vfs
   let showAll = false
@@ -30,23 +87,95 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
   for (const t of targets) {
     if (targets.length > 1) ctx.console.log(t + ':')
     let names
+    /** @type {string | null} */
+    let singleEntryPath = null
     try {
-      names = await vfs.readdir(t)
+      const stT = await vfs.lstat(t)
+      if (stT && stT.type !== 'directory') {
+        const leaf = t
+          .replace(/\/+$/, '')
+          .split('/')
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .pop()
+        names = [leaf || t]
+        singleEntryPath = t
+      } else {
+        names = await vfs.readdir(t)
+      }
     } catch (e) {
       ctx.console.error('ls: cannot access ' + t + ': ' + (e.message || e))
       continue
     }
-    // POSIX: hide dotfiles unless -a (. and .. are dot-prefixed too).
     if (!showAll) names = names.filter((n) => !n.startsWith('.'))
     if (!longFmt) {
       ctx.console.log(names.join(' '))
     } else {
+      let totalBlocks = 0
+      const rows = []
       for (const n of names) {
-        const sub = t === '.' || t === './' ? n : t.replace(/\/$/, '') + '/' + n
-        const st = await vfs.stat(sub)
-        const tag = st ? (st.type === 'directory' ? 'd' : '-') : '?'
-        const sz = st && st.size != null ? String(st.size) : '0'
-        ctx.console.log(tag + 'rwxr-xr-x 1 user user ' + sz + ' ' + n)
+        const sub =
+          singleEntryPath != null
+            ? singleEntryPath
+            : t === '.' || t === './'
+              ? n
+              : t.replace(/\/$/, '') + '/' + n
+        const st = await vfs.lstat(sub)
+        if (!st) {
+          rows.push({
+            modeStr: '?---------',
+            nlink: '?',
+            user: '?',
+            group: '?',
+            size: 0,
+            mtimeStr: '?',
+            name: n,
+            arrow: ''
+          })
+          continue
+        }
+        const blocks = barePosixBlocks(st.size || 0)
+        totalBlocks += blocks
+        const modeStr = bareFormatModeString(st.mode, st.type)
+        const nlink = st.nlink != null ? String(st.nlink) : '1'
+        const user = st.user != null ? st.user : String(st.uid ?? 0)
+        const group = st.group != null ? st.group : String(st.gid ?? 0)
+        const size = st.size != null ? String(st.size) : '0'
+        const mtimeStr = bareFormatLsMtime(
+          typeof st.mtimeMs === 'number' ? st.mtimeMs : Date.now()
+        )
+        let arrow = ''
+        if (st.type === 'symlink' && st.linkname != null) {
+          arrow = ' -> ' + st.linkname
+        }
+        rows.push({
+          modeStr,
+          nlink,
+          user,
+          group,
+          size,
+          mtimeStr,
+          name: n,
+          arrow
+        })
+      }
+      if (singleEntryPath == null) ctx.console.log('total ' + totalBlocks)
+      for (const r of rows) {
+        ctx.console.log(
+          r.modeStr +
+            ' ' +
+            r.nlink +
+            ' ' +
+            r.user +
+            ' ' +
+            r.group +
+            ' ' +
+            r.size +
+            ' ' +
+            r.mtimeStr +
+            ' ' +
+            r.name +
+            r.arrow
+        )
       }
     }
   }

kernel/bin/nl

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const vfs = ctx.vfs
   const files = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => !a.startsWith('-'))

kernel/bin/pathchk

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const paths = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => !a.startsWith('-'))
   if (!paths.length) {

kernel/bin/printenv

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const e = ctx.vfs.env
   const names = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => !a.startsWith('-'))

kernel/bin/pwd

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   ctx.console.log(ctx.vfs.getcwd())
 }

kernel/bin/rm

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 /**
  * rm — remove files or directories.
  * Flags: -r -R --recursive, -f --force, -- ; bundled e.g. -rf

kernel/bin/savevault

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const save = ctx.saveVault
   if (typeof save !== 'function') {

kernel/bin/seq

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const args = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => !a.startsWith('-'))
   let a = 1

kernel/bin/sleep

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const sec = parseFloat(argv[1] || '0')
   if (Number.isNaN(sec) || sec < 0) {

kernel/bin/sort

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const vfs = ctx.vfs
   const files = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => !a.startsWith('-'))

kernel/bin/tail

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const vfs = ctx.vfs
   let n = 10

kernel/bin/test

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function evalTest(ctx, args) {
   if (!args.length) return false
   if (args[0] === '!') {

kernel/bin/touch

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const files = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => !a.startsWith('-'))
   if (!files.length) {

kernel/bin/true

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   ctx.exitCode = 0
 }

kernel/bin/tty

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const tty = globalThis.process?.stdout?.isTTY
   if (tty) {

kernel/bin/uname

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   const flagArgs = argv.slice(1).filter((a) => a.startsWith('-') && a !== '--')
   const all = argv.includes('-a')

kernel/bin/wc

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 function count(s) {
   const lines = (s.match(/\n/g) || []).length
   const words = s.trim() ? s.trim().split(/\s+/).length : 0

kernel/bin/which

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 function joinDirFile(dir, name) {
   if (!dir || dir === '.') return name
   const d = dir.endsWith('/') ? dir.slice(0, -1) : dir

kernel/bin/whoami

@@ -3,6 +3,63 @@ function bareStdin(ctx) {
   return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
 }
 
+/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
+function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
+  const typeChar =
+    type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
+  const perm = mode & 0o777
+  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
+  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
+  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
+  return (
+    typeChar +
+    r(0o400) +
+    w(0o200) +
+    x(0o100) +
+    r(0o040) +
+    w(0o020) +
+    x(0o010) +
+    r(0o004) +
+    w(0o002) +
+    x(0o001)
+  )
+}
+
+/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
+function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
+  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
+  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
+  const months = [
+    'Jan',
+    'Feb',
+    'Mar',
+    'Apr',
+    'May',
+    'Jun',
+    'Jul',
+    'Aug',
+    'Sep',
+    'Oct',
+    'Nov',
+    'Dec'
+  ]
+  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
+  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
+  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
+    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
+    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
+  }
+  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
+  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
+  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
+}
+
+/** @param {number} size */
+function barePosixBlocks(size) {
+  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
+}
+
 async function run(ctx, argv) {
   ctx.console.log(ctx.vfs.env.USER || ctx.vfs.env.LOGNAME || 'guest')
 }