Updates

developer-guide/02-the-context-object.md

@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ The following are set on `ctx` before the kernel starts (unless noted as overwri
 
 | Field                                                                            | Role                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| **`bareOsCtxApiVersion`**                                                        | String semver for the documented **`ctx`** contract (e.g. **`1.3.0`**). Bump in [`bare-os-ctx-api.js`](../packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-os-ctx-api.js) when you make breaking changes to stable fields.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| **`bareOsCtxApiVersion`**                                                        | String semver for the documented **`ctx`** contract (e.g. **`1.4.0`**). Bump in [`bare-os-ctx-api.js`](../packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-os-ctx-api.js) when you make breaking changes to stable fields.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
-| **`bareOsRuntimeCaps`**                                                          | **Frozen** snapshot from [`bare-os-runtime-caps.js`](../packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-os-runtime-caps.js): **`ctxApiVersion`**, resolved simulated **pipeline** limits (from **`env`** / defaults), documented pseudo **`/`** paths (**`pseudoFsPaths`**), and **`features`** flags (**`simulatedPipelines`**, **`bareInitd`**, **`vfsTwoDrive`**, **`identityVault`**, **`httpDelegate`**, **`gitDelegate`**, **`systemctlDelegate`**). Reflects session env at **`executeKernel`** start (including host **`BARE_OS_PIPELINE_*`** when set). |
+| **`bareOsRuntimeCaps`**                                                          | **Frozen** snapshot from [`bare-os-runtime-caps.js`](../packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-os-runtime-caps.js): **`ctxApiVersion`**, simulated **pipeline** limits, **`pseudoFsPaths`**, and **`features`** (including **`jobControl`**, **`shellHereString`**, **`bootReadyPseudoFs`**, **`vfsChown`**, **`auditLog`**, **`initdRequiresWants`**, **`seederRpcExtended`**, …).                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| **`bareOsPublishBootReady(patch)`**                                              | Kernel-only: merge **`patch`** into the session boot-ready state exposed as **`/run/bare-os/boot.json`** and **`/run/bare-os/ready`**.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| **`bareOsSessionStats`**                                                         | Mutable **`{ execLineCount, pipelineBytesTotal }`** mirrored in **`/proc/bare_os_session_stats`**.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
 | **`bareOsBootStartedMs`**                                                        | Epoch milliseconds when the booter started building the session (used for synthetic **`/proc/uptime`**).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
 | **`bareOsSkipRepl`**                                                             | **`true`** when **`BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL=1`** (non-interactive stdin); kernels may shorten banners.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
 | **`disk`**                                                                       | Disk bundle used during boot (includes drives and helpers); advanced use                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ The following are set on `ctx` before the kernel starts (unless noted as overwri
 | **`runBinCommand(argv)`**                                                        | Runs a command with the **same** resolution rules as the interactive shell (used by **`time`**, **`xargs`**, and similar)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
 | **`registerKernelShutdownHook(fn)`**                                             | Register an async or sync function to run when the REPL session ends, **before** **`stopBareInitd`** and initd **disposers**. Pair with **`registerBareInitdDisposer(fn)`** in [`bare-initd.js`](../packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-initd.js) when you need teardown **after** shutdown hooks but still inside **`stopBareInitd`** (intervals, sync cleanup).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
 
-Kernel boot composition lives on the **system image** (`/boot/init.js`, `/etc/bare-os/rc`, `/etc/bare-os/rc.d/`, optional **`/etc/bare-os/rc.local`**, optional **`/etc/bare-os/kernel.d/`** (same digit-prefix rules as **`rc.d`**), optional **`/etc/bare-os/profile`** / **`rc.profile.*`**, **`/etc/bare-os/onboot`**), not on `ctx`—extend the image or hooks like **`registerKernelShutdownHook`** rather than adding boot fields to the context object. The booter seeds **`ctx.env`** from the host for **`BARE_OS_PIPELINE_MAX_STAGES`**, **`BARE_OS_PIPELINE_MAX_BYTES`**, **`BARE_OS_PIPELINE_MAX_LINES`**, **`BARE_OS_BOOT_PROFILE`**, **`BARE_OS_ONBOOT`**, **`BARE_OS_BOOT_STRICT`**, and **`BARE_OS_RC_D_SKIP`** when those variables are set, always sets **`BARE_OS_BOOT_PROFILE_RESOLVED`** for **`rc.profile.*`** and **`/run/bare-os/boot_profile`**, and assigns **`BARE_OS_SESSION_ID`** (UUID) for **`/run/bare-os/session`** and **`/proc/self/environ`**. When **`ctx.httpFetch`** handles **`curl`**, check optional **`init.bareOsCurlTls`** (`insecure`, **`caPem`**) for **`--cacert`** / **`-k`** semantics.
+Kernel boot composition lives on the **system image** (`/boot/init.js`, `/etc/bare-os/rc`, `/etc/bare-os/rc.d/`, optional **`/etc/bare-os/rc.local`**, optional **`/etc/bare-os/kernel.d/`** (same digit-prefix rules as **`rc.d`**), optional **`/etc/bare-os/profile`** / **`rc.profile.*`**, **`/etc/bare-os/onboot`**), not on `ctx`—extend the image or hooks like **`registerKernelShutdownHook`** rather than adding boot fields to the context object. The booter seeds **`ctx.env`** from the host for **`BARE_OS_PIPELINE_*`**, **`BARE_OS_BOOT_PROFILE`**, **`BARE_OS_ONBOOT`**, **`BARE_OS_BOOT_STRICT`**, **`BARE_OS_RC_D_SKIP`**, **`BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL`**, **`BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP`**, **`BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE`**, **`BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST`**, **`BARE_OS_AUDIT`**, and **`BARE_OS_IMAGE_DIGEST`** when set; always sets **`BARE_OS_BOOT_PROFILE_RESOLVED`** and **`BARE_OS_SESSION_ID`**. When **`ctx.httpFetch`** handles **`curl`**, check optional **`init.bareOsCurlTls`** (`insecure`, **`caPem`**) for **`--cacert`** / **`-k`** semantics.
 
 After [`createKernelReplSession`](../packages/bare-os-booter/lib/repl-session.js) returns:
 

handbook/06-kernel-and-binaries.md

@@ -25,6 +25,17 @@ Staged from **`kernel/init.js`**. Responsibilities (typical):
 
 The **prompt** (`[user@host:path] > `) is applied by the booter’s readline layer, not by `init.js`.
 
+### Boot profiles, recovery, and readiness
+
+| Host / kernel env | Purpose |
+| ----------------- | ------- |
+| **`BARE_OS_BOOT_PROFILE`** / **`/etc/bare-os/profile`** | First line names **`/etc/bare-os/rc.profile.<name>`** (before **`rc`**). Suggested names: **`dev`** (extra PATH, aliases), **`ci`** (**`BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL`** + **`BARE_OS_ONBOOT`** smoke lines), **`kiosk`** (minimal **`rc.d`**, fixed **`onboot`**). |
+| **`BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL`** | Skip **`rc`**, **`rc.d`**, **`rc.local`**, **`kernel.d`**, **`onboot`**, and profile **`rc.profile.*`** — recovery shell with **`os-release`** / **`motd`** only. |
+| **`BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP`** | Comma list of phases to skip: **`profile`**, **`rc`**, **`rc.d`**, **`rc.local`**, **`kernel.d`**, **`onboot`**. |
+| **`BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=ndjson`** | One JSON object per boot phase on stderr (**`type`**, **`phase`**, **`ms`**, **`sessionId`**, **`ts`**). |
+| **`BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST`** | After boot snippets, run a short trusted **`execLine`** checklist. |
+| **`ctx.bareOsPublishBootReady(...)`** | Kernel calls this when boot is complete; populates **`/run/bare-os/ready`** (**`1`** / **`0`**) and **`/run/bare-os/boot.json`**. |
+
 ### Custom `init.js` contract
 
 Replacing **`/boot/init.js`** on the system image is supported: the booter loads it with **`AsyncFunction`** and expects a top-level **`async function start(ctx)`**. Stable **`ctx`** fields for kernels are documented in [Chapter 4](04-the-booter-runtime.md) and the [context object developer guide](../developer-guide/02-the-context-object.md), including **`ctx.bareOsRuntimeCaps`** for pipeline limits, pseudo path lists, and **`features`** (e.g. **`httpDelegate`**, **`gitDelegate`**, **`systemctlDelegate`**). Use **`ctx.registerKernelShutdownHook`** for teardown that must run before **`stopBareInitd`**. Boot snippets under **`/etc/bare-os/rc`**, **`/etc/bare-os/rc.d/`** (only **`rc.d`** files whose names start with a digit), **`rc.local`**, **`kernel.d/`** (same digit-prefix rules), **`rc.profile.*`**, and **`onboot`** are **trusted** (full **`execLine`** power); keep them minimal.
@@ -83,7 +94,8 @@ Hyperdrive entries carry optional **`metadata.bareOs`** (mode, uid, gid, names,
 | `sed`, `awk`                     | Large JavaScript engines in **`lib/*-engine.js`** — not byte-identical to GNU/POSIX everywhere; see ch. 9                                                                                                              |
 | `tee`, `find`, `du`, `cksum`     | Pipe tee, limited **`find`** (**`-maxdepth`**, **`-mindepth`**, **`-name`**, **`-type`**), **`du -k`**, POSIX CRC **`cksum`**                                                                                          |
 | `time`, `logname`                | Wall-clock **`time`** via **`ctx.runBinCommand`**; identity string                                                                                                                                                     |
-| `chown`, `chgrp`, `mkfifo`       | Stubs with explicit “not supported” messages                                                                                                                                                                           |
+| `chown`, `chgrp`                 | Update ownership in **`metadata.bareOs`** on the personal drive (same writable scope as **`chmod`**); supports **`:group`** and numeric ids; root vs owner rules as in VFS                                                                 |
+| `mkfifo`                         | Stub with explicit “not supported” message                                                                                                                                                                               |
 | `getconf`, `xargs`               | Documented Bare subsets (fixed **`getconf`** table; bounded **`xargs`** via **`ctx.runBinCommand`**)                                                                                                                   |
 | `pathchk`                        | Path sanity                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
 | `pwd`                            | Logical cwd                                                                                                                                                                                                            |

kernel/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Files in this directory are **read from disk by the seeder** (or copied into `pa
 - **`share/man/man.json`** — Merged manual database for **`/bin/man`** (built by **`bare-os-coreutils`**; see [handbook ch.10](../handbook/10-manpages-and-online-help.md)).
 - **`etc/os-release`** — Static OS metadata (`NAME`, `VERSION`, …).
 - **`etc/motd`** — Optional message printed after **`os-release`** (distributors can customize).
-- **`etc/bare-os/banner`** or **`/etc/issue`** — If present on the system drive, the default kernel prints one of these instead of the built-in session hint (unless **`BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL`** shortens the banner). Set **`BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=1`** or **`true`** for **`[boot] phase: Nms`** lines on stderr, or **`json`** for **`{"phase":"…","ms":n}`** per phase.
+- **`etc/bare-os/banner`** or **`/etc/issue`** — If present on the system drive, the default kernel prints one of these instead of the built-in session hint (unless **`BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL`** shortens the banner). Set **`BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=1`** or **`true`** for **`[boot] phase: Nms`** lines on stderr, **`json`** for **`{"phase":"…","ms":n}`** per phase, or **`ndjson`** for machine-readable lines with **`sessionId`**. Recovery: **`BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL`**, granular **`BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP`**, optional **`BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST`**, readiness via **`ctx.bareOsPublishBootReady`** → **`/run/bare-os/ready`** and **`/run/bare-os/boot.json`** (see [handbook ch.6](../handbook/06-kernel-and-binaries.md)).
 - **`etc/bare-os/rc`** — Optional boot snippet: one **`execLine`** per non-comment line (trusted).
 - **`etc/bare-os/rc.d/`** — Optional extra snippets (basename must start with a digit), same line rules, run after **`rc`** in filename order. Human-oriented notes live in **`.README`** (a dotfile so legacy **`init.js`** never executes it).
 

kernel/bin/chgrp

@@ -60,9 +60,88 @@ function barePosixBlocks(size) {
   return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
 }
 
-async function run(ctx, argv) {
+/**
-  ctx.console.error(
+ * chgrp — change file group (Hyperdrive metadata on writable paths).
-    'chgrp: changing group is not supported on Bare OS (single-user Hyperdrive metadata).'
+ */
-  )
+
-  ctx.exitCode = 1
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {number | null}
+ */
+function parseGroupSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return null
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null
+  }
+  const g = (env.GROUP || env.USER || 'guest').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return 0
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return 65534
+  if (g && s === g) {
+    const gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(gid) ? gid : 65534
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+async function run(ctx, argv) {
+  let i = 1
+  const files = []
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const a = argv[i]
+    if (a === '-h' || a === '--help') {
+      ctx.console.log(
+        'usage: chgrp [-h] GROUP FILE...\n' +
+          'GROUP may be a numeric gid or root/guest/nobody/current GROUP name.'
+      )
+      ctx.exitCode = 0
+      return
+    }
+    if (!a.startsWith('-')) break
+    ctx.console.error('chgrp: unsupported option: ' + a)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const groupSpec = argv[i++]
+  if (!groupSpec || i >= argv.length) {
+    ctx.console.error('usage: chgrp GROUP FILE...')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) files.push(argv[i])
+  const gid = parseGroupSpec(groupSpec, ctx.vfs.env)
+  if (gid == null) {
+    ctx.console.error('chgrp: invalid group: ' + groupSpec)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const gname = /^\d+$/.test(groupSpec.trim())
+    ? undefined
+    : groupSpec.trim() || undefined
+  for (const f of files) {
+    try {
+      const st = await ctx.vfs.stat(f)
+      if (!st) {
+        ctx.console.error('chgrp: ' + f + ': No such file')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        continue
+      }
+      if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+        ctx.console.error('chgrp: not supported by this VFS')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        return
+      }
+      await ctx.vfs.chown(f, {
+        uid: st.uid,
+        gid,
+        uname: st.user,
+        gname
+      })
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.console.error('chgrp: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+    }
+  }
 }

kernel/bin/chown

@@ -60,9 +60,156 @@ function barePosixBlocks(size) {
   return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
 }
 
-async function run(ctx, argv) {
+/**
-  ctx.console.error(
+ * chown — change file owner and group (Hyperdrive metadata on writable paths).
-    'chown: changing file ownership is not supported on Bare OS (single-user Hyperdrive metadata).'
+ */
-  )
+
-  ctx.exitCode = 1
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {{ uid: number | null, gid: number | null }}
+ */
+function parseIdSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return { uid: null, gid: null }
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return { uid: Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null, gid: null }
+  }
+  const u = (env.USER || env.LOGNAME || '').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return { uid: 0, gid: null }
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return { uid: 65534, gid: null }
+  if (u && s === u) {
+    const uid = Number.parseInt(String(env.UID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return { uid: Number.isFinite(uid) ? uid : 65534, gid: null }
+  }
+  return { uid: null, gid: null }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {number | null}
+ */
+function parseGroupSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return null
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null
+  }
+  const g = (env.GROUP || env.USER || 'guest').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return 0
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return 65534
+  if (g && s === g) {
+    const gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(gid) ? gid : 65534
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+async function run(ctx, argv) {
+  let i = 1
+  const files = []
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const a = argv[i]
+    if (a === '-h' || a === '--help') {
+      ctx.console.log(
+        'usage: chown [-h] OWNER[:GROUP] FILE...\n' +
+          'OWNER/GROUP may be numeric ids or root/guest/nobody/current USER/GROUP.'
+      )
+      ctx.exitCode = 0
+      return
+    }
+    if (!a.startsWith('-')) break
+    ctx.console.error('chown: unsupported option: ' + a)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const ownSpec = argv[i++]
+  if (!ownSpec || i >= argv.length) {
+    ctx.console.error('usage: chown OWNER[:GROUP] FILE...')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) files.push(argv[i])
+  const env = ctx.vfs.env
+  const colon = ownSpec.indexOf(':')
+  let uid
+  let gid
+  let uname
+  let gname
+  if (colon === 0 && ownSpec.length > 1) {
+    const gPart = ownSpec.slice(1)
+    gid = parseGroupSpec(gPart, env)
+    gname = /^\d+$/.test(gPart.trim()) ? undefined : gPart.trim() || undefined
+    if (gid == null) {
+      ctx.console.error('chown: invalid group: ' + gPart)
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+      return
+    }
+    for (const f of files) {
+      try {
+        if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+          ctx.console.error('chown: not supported by this VFS')
+          ctx.exitCode = 1
+          return
+        }
+        const st = await ctx.vfs.stat(f)
+        if (!st) {
+          ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': No such file')
+          ctx.exitCode = 1
+          continue
+        }
+        await ctx.vfs.chown(f, {
+          uid: st.uid,
+          gid,
+          uname: st.user,
+          gname
+        })
+      } catch (e) {
+        ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+      }
+    }
+    return
+  }
+  if (colon >= 0) {
+    const uPart = ownSpec.slice(0, colon)
+    const gPart = ownSpec.slice(colon + 1)
+    const pu = parseIdSpec(uPart, env)
+    uid = pu.uid
+    uname = /^\d+$/.test(uPart.trim()) ? undefined : uPart.trim() || undefined
+    if (gPart === '') {
+      gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+      gname = env.GROUP || env.USER
+    } else {
+      gid = parseGroupSpec(gPart, env)
+      gname = /^\d+$/.test(gPart.trim()) ? undefined : gPart.trim() || undefined
+    }
+  } else {
+    const pu = parseIdSpec(ownSpec, env)
+    uid = pu.uid
+    uname = /^\d+$/.test(ownSpec.trim()) ? undefined : ownSpec.trim() || undefined
+    gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    gname = env.GROUP || env.USER
+  }
+  if (uid == null || gid == null) {
+    ctx.console.error('chown: invalid owner or group: ' + ownSpec)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (const f of files) {
+    try {
+      if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+        ctx.console.error('chown: not supported by this VFS')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        return
+      }
+      await ctx.vfs.chown(f, { uid, gid, uname, gname })
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+    }
+  }
 }

kernel/bin/find

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ function barePosixBlocks(size) {
  * curDepth is distance from the search root directory (0 at the initial path).
  * Printed paths use gnu-like depth curDepth + 1 (immediate children of the root are depth 1).
  */
-async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
+async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, pathRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
   if (maxDepth >= 0 && curDepth > maxDepth) return
   let names
   try {
@@ -83,13 +83,24 @@ async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
     }
     if (!st) continue
     const gnuDepth = curDepth + 1
-    if (!nameRe || nameRe.test(n)) {
+    const pathOk = !pathRe || pathRe.test(path)
+    const nameOk = !nameRe || nameRe.test(n)
+    if (pathOk && nameOk) {
       if (!wantType || st.type === wantType) {
         if (gnuDepth >= minDepth) ctx.console.log(path)
       }
     }
     if (st.type === 'directory')
-      await walk(ctx, path, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth + 1)
+      await walk(
+        ctx,
+        path,
+        nameRe,
+        pathRe,
+        wantType,
+        maxDepth,
+        minDepth,
+        curDepth + 1
+      )
   }
 }
 
@@ -99,6 +110,8 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
   let minDepth = 1
   /** @type {string | null} */
   let nameGlob = null
+  /** @type {string | null} */
+  let pathGlob = null
   /** @type {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink' | null} */
   let wantType = null
   const rest = []
@@ -113,6 +126,10 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
       if (!Number.isFinite(minDepth) || minDepth < 1) minDepth = 1
       continue
     }
+    if (a === '-path' && argv[i + 1]) {
+      pathGlob = argv[++i]
+      continue
+    }
     if (a === '-name' && argv[i + 1]) {
       nameGlob = argv[++i]
       continue
@@ -144,6 +161,16 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
       .replace(/\?/g, '.')
     nameRe = new RegExp('^' + esc + '$')
   }
+  let pathRe = null
+  if (pathGlob) {
+    const esc = pathGlob
+      .replace(/[.+^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
+      .replace(/\*\*/g, '\0GLOBSTAR\0')
+      .replace(/\*/g, '[^/]*')
+      .replace(/\?/g, '[^/]')
+      .replace(/\0GLOBSTAR\0/g, '.*')
+    pathRe = new RegExp('^' + esc + '$')
+  }
   const abs = ctx.vfs.resolveLogical(root)
-  await walk(ctx, abs, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, 0)
+  await walk(ctx, abs, nameRe, pathRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, 0)
 }

kernel/init.js

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@
  * in file order (trusted). Then readLine yields EOF.
  *
  * BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=json logs one JSON object per phase on stderr: {"phase":"…","ms":n}.
+ * BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=ndjson logs {"type":"boot","phase","ms","sessionId","ts"} per line.
+ *
+ * BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL=1 or true: skip profile rc, rc, rc.d, rc.local, kernel.d (recovery shell).
+ * BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP: comma-separated phases to skip among:
+ *   profile, rc, rc.d, rc.local, kernel.d, onboot (os-release and motd always run).
+ *
+ * BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST=1 or true: after boot snippets, run a short trusted self-check via execLine.
  *
  * BARE_OS_BOOT_STRICT=1 or true: first execLine throw in trusted boot snippets calls
  * requestBooterExit(1) and stops further boot phases.
@@ -30,7 +37,12 @@
  */
 function wantBootTrace(ctx) {
   const v = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE
-  return v === '1' || v === 'true' || v === 'json'
+  return (
+    v === '1' ||
+    v === 'true' ||
+    v === 'json' ||
+    v === 'ndjson'
+  )
 }
 
 /**
@@ -40,6 +52,56 @@ function isBootTraceJson(ctx) {
   return ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE === 'json'
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ */
+function isBootTraceNdjson(ctx) {
+  return ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE === 'ndjson'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ */
+function bootMinimal(ctx) {
+  const v = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL
+  return v === '1' || v === 'true'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @returns {Set<string>}
+ */
+function parseBootSkip(ctx) {
+  const raw = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP
+  const out = new Set()
+  if (raw == null || !String(raw).trim()) return out
+  for (const p of String(raw)
+    .split(',')
+    .map((s) => s.trim().toLowerCase())
+    .filter(Boolean)) {
+    out.add(p)
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @param {string} phase
+ */
+function shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, phase) {
+  if (bootMinimal(ctx)) {
+    return (
+      phase === 'profile' ||
+      phase === 'rc' ||
+      phase === 'rc.d' ||
+      phase === 'rc.local' ||
+      phase === 'kernel.d' ||
+      phase === 'onboot'
+    )
+  }
+  return parseBootSkip(ctx).has(phase.toLowerCase())
+}
+
 /**
  * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
  */
@@ -80,13 +142,26 @@ function shouldSkipRcDName(name, patterns) {
  * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
  * @param {string} label
  * @param {() => void | Promise<void>} fn
+ * @param {string[]} phaseLog
  */
-async function bootTimed(ctx, label, fn) {
+async function bootTimed(ctx, label, fn, phaseLog) {
   const t0 = Date.now()
   await fn()
+  const ms = Date.now() - t0
+  phaseLog.push(label)
   if (wantBootTrace(ctx)) {
-    const ms = Date.now() - t0
+    if (isBootTraceNdjson(ctx)) {
-    if (isBootTraceJson(ctx)) {
+      const sid =
+        (ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_SESSION_ID) || ''
+      const rec = {
+        type: 'boot',
+        phase: label,
+        ms,
+        sessionId: sid,
+        ts: Date.now()
+      }
+      ctx.console.error(JSON.stringify(rec))
+    } else if (isBootTraceJson(ctx)) {
       ctx.console.error(JSON.stringify({ phase: label, ms }))
     } else {
       ctx.console.error(`[boot] ${label}: ${ms}ms`)
@@ -348,7 +423,7 @@ async function printSessionBanner(ctx) {
     }
   }
   const defaultBanner =
-    'Bare operating system — guest session (login [--new] <passphrase> to unlock) | shell: cd, export, if/fi, && || ;, |, exit | services: systemctl list-units, journalctl -u UNIT | try: help, ls /bin, crontab -l'
+    'Bare operating system — guest session (login [--new] <passphrase> to unlock) | shell: cd, export, if/fi, && || ;, |, &, jobs/fg, <<<, exit | services: systemctl list-units, journalctl -u UNIT | try: help, ls /bin, crontab -l'
   if (ctx.bareOsSkipRepl) {
     console.log(
       'Bare operating system — non-interactive session (BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL).'
@@ -358,38 +433,115 @@ async function printSessionBanner(ctx) {
   console.log(defaultBanner)
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+async function runKernelSelftest(ctx) {
+  const v = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST
+  if (v !== '1' && v !== 'true') return true
+  const { execLine, console } = ctx
+  const strict = bootStrict(ctx)
+  const lines = [
+    ':',
+    'true',
+    'false; echo selftest_false_ok',
+    'systemctl list-units 2>/dev/null || true'
+  ]
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    try {
+      await execLine(line)
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error('selftest: ' + ((e && e.message) || String(e)))
+      if (strict) {
+        if (typeof ctx.requestBooterExit === 'function') ctx.requestBooterExit(1)
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @param {string[]} phaseLog
+ */
+function publishBootReady(ctx, phaseLog) {
+  if (typeof ctx.bareOsPublishBootReady !== 'function') return
+  const sid = (ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_SESSION_ID) || ''
+  ctx.bareOsPublishBootReady({
+    ready: true,
+    phases: [...phaseLog],
+    sessionId: sid,
+    completedAtMs: Date.now(),
+    minimal: bootMinimal(ctx)
+  })
+}
+
 async function start(ctx) {
   const { readLine, execLine, console } = ctx
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'os-release', () => printOsRelease(ctx))
+  /** @type {string[]} */
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'motd', () => printMotd(ctx))
+  const phaseLog = []
+  await bootTimed(ctx, 'os-release', () => printOsRelease(ctx), phaseLog)
+  await bootTimed(ctx, 'motd', () => printMotd(ctx), phaseLog)
   const profileName = await resolveBootProfileName(ctx)
   /** @type {boolean} */
   let bootOk = true
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.profile', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'profile')) {
-    bootOk = await runProfileRc(ctx, profileName)
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.profile', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runProfileRc(ctx, profileName)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc.profile(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'rc')) {
-    bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc', 'rc')
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc', 'rc')
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.d', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'rc.d')) {
-    bootOk = await runBareOsRcDir(ctx)
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.d', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runBareOsRcDir(ctx)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc.d(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.local', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'rc.local')) {
-    bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc.local', 'rc.local')
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.local', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc.local', 'rc.local')
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc.local(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'kernel.d', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'kernel.d')) {
-    bootOk = await runBareOsKernelDir(ctx)
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'kernel.d', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runBareOsKernelDir(ctx)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('kernel.d(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
   await printSessionBanner(ctx)
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'onboot', async () => {
+  phaseLog.push('banner')
-    bootOk = await runOnboot(ctx)
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'onboot')) {
-  })
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'onboot', async () => {
+      bootOk = await runOnboot(ctx)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('onboot(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
+  await bootTimed(ctx, 'selftest', async () => {
+    bootOk = await runKernelSelftest(ctx)
+  }, phaseLog)
+  if (!bootOk) return
+  publishBootReady(ctx, phaseLog)
   while (true) {
     const line = await readLine('')
     if (line == null) break

packages/bare-os-booter/CLI_PARITY.md

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ HTTP in Pear/Bare uses **WHATWG Fetch** (Node `fetch` or **`bare-fetch`** on `ba
 | `-c` / `--continue` | supported | `Range: bytes=<existing>-` when output file exists; 206 appends, 200 replaces full file |
 | `-V` / `-h` | supported | |
 | Recursive / spider / FTP / WARC | out of scope | |
-| `--no-clobber`, `-N` timestamping | out of scope | |
+| `--no-clobber` / `-nc` | supported | Skip download when the target file already exists and has size &gt; 0 (not combined with `--continue`) |
+| `-N` timestamping | out of scope | |
 
 ## Fetch / bare-fetch vs curl (`-I` + `-L`)
 
@@ -54,6 +55,8 @@ We **do not** depend on bare-fetch for that case: [`fetchHeadWithLocationFollow`
 
 ## Upstream (bare-fetch)
 
+**Tracking:** Bare OS implements **`curl -I -L`** with manual redirects so the first hop can stay **HEAD** and a **3xx** response can be followed with **GET** (see **`fetchHeadWithLocationFollow`**). Consider an upstream **`bare-fetch`** option for “curl-like” redirect method switching so other callers get the same behavior without a custom loop.
+
 **Suggested issue title:** Redirect following preserves original method (HEAD on every hop); optional curl-like mode?
 
 **Body (paste into GitHub):**

packages/bare-os-booter/index.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto'
+import { randomUUID, randomBytes } from 'node:crypto'
 import Hyperswarm from 'hyperswarm'
 import Protomux from 'protomux'
 import b4a from 'b4a'
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import {
   listBareServices,
   getBareServiceRuntime
 } from './lib/bare-initd.js'
+import { appendVarLog, AUDIT_LOG } from './lib/bare-os-var-log.js'
 import { BARE_OS_CTX_API_VERSION } from './lib/bare-os-ctx-api.js'
 import { buildBareOsRuntimeCaps } from './lib/bare-os-runtime-caps.js'
 import './lib/bare-cron.js'
@@ -239,7 +240,13 @@ async function executeKernel(disk, store, swarm, initSource) {
       'BARE_OS_BOOT_PROFILE',
       'BARE_OS_ONBOOT',
       'BARE_OS_BOOT_STRICT',
-      'BARE_OS_RC_D_SKIP'
+      'BARE_OS_RC_D_SKIP',
+      'BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL',
+      'BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP',
+      'BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE',
+      'BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST',
+      'BARE_OS_AUDIT',
+      'BARE_OS_IMAGE_DIGEST'
     ]) {
       const v = hostEnv[k]
       if (v != null && v !== '') shellEnv[k] = v
@@ -263,6 +270,16 @@ async function executeKernel(disk, store, swarm, initSource) {
   shellEnv.BARE_OS_BOOT_PROFILE_RESOLVED = bootProfileResolved
   const bareOsSessionId = randomUUID()
   shellEnv.BARE_OS_SESSION_ID = bareOsSessionId
+  /** @type {{ ready: boolean, phases: string[], sessionId: string, completedAtMs: number | null, minimal: boolean }} */
+  const bootReadyStateRef = {
+    ready: false,
+    phases: [],
+    sessionId: bareOsSessionId,
+    completedAtMs: null,
+    minimal: false
+  }
+  /** @type {{ execLineCount: number, pipelineBytesTotal: number }} */
+  const sessionStatsRef = { execLineCount: 0, pipelineBytesTotal: 0 }
   /** @type {{ getMounts: () => Map<string, { drive: import('hyperdrive').default, writable: boolean }> }} */
   const vfsMountRef = { getMounts: () => new Map() }
   const bootStartedMs = Date.now()
@@ -291,6 +308,22 @@ async function executeKernel(disk, store, swarm, initSource) {
         lines.push(`${s.name}\t${phase}\t${started}\t${desc}`)
       }
       return lines.join('\n') + '\n'
+    },
+    sessionStatsText() {
+      return `${JSON.stringify(sessionStatsRef)}\n`
+    },
+    bootReadyMarkerText() {
+      return bootReadyStateRef.ready ? '1\n' : '0\n'
+    },
+    bootReadyJsonText() {
+      return `${JSON.stringify(bootReadyStateRef)}\n`
+    },
+    buildIdText() {
+      const d = shellEnv.BARE_OS_IMAGE_DIGEST
+      return (d != null && String(d).trim() ? String(d).trim() : 'unknown') + '\n'
+    },
+    secureRandomBytes(n) {
+      return new Uint8Array(randomBytes(Math.min(65536, Math.max(1, n | 0))))
     }
   })
 
@@ -402,7 +435,16 @@ async function executeKernel(disk, store, swarm, initSource) {
      */
     registerKernelShutdownHook(fn) {
       registerKernelShutdownHook(fn)
-    }
+    },
+    /**
+     * Kernel publishes boot completion for pseudo `/run/bare-os/boot.json` and `ready`.
+     * @param {Partial<{ ready: boolean, phases: string[], sessionId: string, completedAtMs: number, minimal: boolean }>} patch
+     */
+    bareOsPublishBootReady(patch) {
+      if (patch && typeof patch === 'object') Object.assign(bootReadyStateRef, patch)
+    },
+    /** Mutable ref mirrored in `/proc/bare_os_session_stats` (execLineCount, pipelineBytesTotal). */
+    bareOsSessionStats: sessionStatsRef
   }
 
   ctx.replStdin = sessionStdin
@@ -430,6 +472,12 @@ async function executeKernel(disk, store, swarm, initSource) {
   const sessionReadLine = session.readLine
   ctx.execLine = async (line) => {
     const t = line.trim()
+    sessionStatsRef.execLineCount++
+    const auditOn =
+      shellEnv.BARE_OS_AUDIT === '1' || shellEnv.BARE_OS_AUDIT === 'true'
+    if (auditOn && t) {
+      void appendVarLog(ctx, AUDIT_LOG, 'exec', t.slice(0, 500))
+    }
     const exitMatch = t.match(/^exit(?:\s+(-?\d+))?$/)
     if (exitMatch) {
       const ec =

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-initd-user.js

@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@
 
 import b4a from 'b4a'
 
-/** One unit name per line; blank lines and `#…` comments ignored. */
+/** One unit per line; blank lines and `#…` comments ignored. */
 export const BARE_INITD_DISABLED_FILE = '~/.config/bare-os/initd/disabled.txt'
 
-/** Optional `unit.unit` files: `[Unit]` with `After=other-unit …`. */
+/**
+ * Optional `name.unit` files under this directory. Supports `[Unit]` keys:
+ * After=, Requires=, Wants=, TimeoutStartSec=, TimeoutStopSec=, Restart=, RestartSec=, ExecStartPost=.
+ */
 export const BARE_INITD_UNITS_DIR = '~/.config/bare-os/units'
 
 /** Built-in ordering when no drop-in file exists (kernel-logger before cron). */
@@ -16,6 +19,88 @@ export const BARE_INITD_DEFAULT_AFTER = Object.freeze({
   'bare-cron': ['kernel-logger']
 })
 
+/**
+ * @typedef {{
+ *   after: string[],
+ *   requires: string[],
+ *   wants: string[],
+ *   timeoutStartSec: number | null,
+ *   timeoutStopSec: number | null,
+ *   restart: string | null,
+ *   restartSec: number | null,
+ *   execStartPost: string | null
+ * }} BareInitdUnitDropIn
+ */
+
+/** @returns {BareInitdUnitDropIn} */
+export function emptyUnitDropIn() {
+  return {
+    after: [],
+    requires: [],
+    wants: [],
+    timeoutStartSec: null,
+    timeoutStopSec: null,
+    restart: null,
+    restartSec: null,
+    execStartPost: null
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} val
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+function parseList(val) {
+  return val
+    .split(/[\s,]+/)
+    .map((s) => s.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a systemd-inspired `.unit` snippet (only `[Unit]` keys are honored).
+ * @param {string} text
+ * @returns {BareInitdUnitDropIn}
+ */
+export function parseUnitDropInText(text) {
+  const out = emptyUnitDropIn()
+  let section = ''
+  for (const raw of text.split(/\r?\n/)) {
+    const line = raw.trim()
+    if (!line || line.startsWith('#')) continue
+    if (/^\[[^\]]+\]$/.test(line)) {
+      section = line.slice(1, -1).toLowerCase()
+      continue
+    }
+    if (section !== 'unit') continue
+    const eq = line.indexOf('=')
+    if (eq < 1) continue
+    const key = line.slice(0, eq).trim().toLowerCase()
+    const val = line.slice(eq + 1).trim()
+    if (key === 'after') out.after.push(...parseList(val))
+    else if (key === 'requires') out.requires.push(...parseList(val))
+    else if (key === 'wants') out.wants.push(...parseList(val))
+    else if (key === 'timeoutstartsec') {
+      const n = Number.parseInt(val, 10)
+      if (Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0) out.timeoutStartSec = n
+    } else if (key === 'timeoutstopsec') {
+      const n = Number.parseInt(val, 10)
+      if (Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0) out.timeoutStopSec = n
+    } else if (key === 'restart') {
+      out.restart = val.toLowerCase()
+    } else if (key === 'restartsec') {
+      const n = Number.parseInt(val, 10)
+      if (Number.isFinite(n) && n >= 0) out.restartSec = n
+    } else if (key === 'execstartpost') {
+      out.execStartPost = val
+    }
+  }
+  out.after = [...new Set(out.after)]
+  out.requires = [...new Set(out.requires)]
+  out.wants = [...new Set(out.wants)]
+  return out
+}
+
 /**
  * @param {{ readFile: (p: string) => Promise<Uint8Array | null> }} vfs
  * @returns {Promise<Set<string>>}
@@ -60,16 +145,20 @@ export async function writeInitdDisabledSet(vfs, disabled) {
 }
 
 /**
- * @param {string} text
+ * @param {{ readFile: (p: string) => Promise<Uint8Array | null> }} vfs
- * @returns {string[]}
+ * @param {string} unitName
+ * @returns {Promise<BareInitdUnitDropIn>}
  */
-function parseAfterLine(text) {
+export async function readUnitDropIn(vfs, unitName) {
-  const m = text.match(/^\s*After\s*=\s*(.+)$/im)
+  if (!/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/.test(unitName)) return emptyUnitDropIn()
-  if (!m) return []
+  const path = `${BARE_INITD_UNITS_DIR}/${unitName}.unit`
-  return m[1]
+  try {
-    .split(/[\s,]+/)
+    const buf = await vfs.readFile(path)
-    .map((s) => s.trim())
+    if (!buf) return emptyUnitDropIn()
-    .filter(Boolean)
+    return parseUnitDropInText(b4a.toString(buf, 'utf8'))
+  } catch {
+    return emptyUnitDropIn()
+  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -78,16 +167,26 @@ function parseAfterLine(text) {
  * @returns {Promise<string[]>}
  */
 export async function readUnitAfterFromDropIn(vfs, unitName) {
-  if (!/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/.test(unitName)) return []
+  const d = await readUnitDropIn(vfs, unitName)
-  const path = `${BARE_INITD_UNITS_DIR}/${unitName}.unit`
+  return d.after
-  try {
+}
-    const buf = await vfs.readFile(path)
+
-    if (!buf) return []
+/**
-    const text = b4a.toString(buf, 'utf8')
+ * @param {{ readFile: (p: string) => Promise<Uint8Array | null> }} vfs
-    return parseAfterLine(text)
+ * @param {{ name: string }[]} services
-  } catch {
+ * @param {Readonly<Record<string, string[]>>} defaultAfter
-    return []
+ * @returns {Promise<Map<string, BareInitdUnitDropIn>>}
+ */
+export async function loadInitdUnitDropIns(vfs, services, defaultAfter) {
+  /** @type {Map<string, BareInitdUnitDropIn>} */
+  const map = new Map()
+  for (const s of services) {
+    const fromFile = await readUnitDropIn(vfs, s.name)
+    const def = defaultAfter[s.name] || []
+    fromFile.after = [...new Set([...def, ...fromFile.after])]
+    map.set(s.name, fromFile)
   }
+  return map
 }
 
 /**
@@ -97,26 +196,50 @@ export async function readUnitAfterFromDropIn(vfs, unitName) {
  * @returns {Promise<Map<string, string[]>>}
  */
 export async function loadInitdAfterMap(vfs, services, defaultAfter) {
+  const full = await loadInitdUnitDropIns(vfs, services, defaultAfter)
   const map = new Map()
-  for (const s of services) {
+  for (const [k, v] of full) map.set(k, v.after)
-    const fromFile = await readUnitAfterFromDropIn(vfs, s.name)
-    const def = defaultAfter[s.name] || []
-    const merged = [...new Set([...def, ...fromFile])]
-    map.set(s.name, merged)
-  }
   return map
 }
 
+/**
+ * @template T extends { name: string }
+ * @param {T[]} services
+ * @param {Set<string>} disabled
+ * @param {Map<string, string[]>} requiresMap
+ */
+function filterSatisfiedRequires(services, disabled, requiresMap) {
+  const names = new Set(services.map((s) => s.name))
+  return services.filter((s) => {
+    for (const r of requiresMap.get(s.name) || []) {
+      if (!names.has(r)) return false
+      if (disabled.has(r)) return false
+    }
+    return true
+  })
+}
+
 /**
  * Topological sort; cycles fall back to registration order for the remainder.
  * @template T extends { name: string }
  * @param {T[]} services
  * @param {Set<string>} disabled
  * @param {Map<string, string[]>} afterMap
+ * @param {Map<string, string[]>} [requiresMap]
+ * @param {Map<string, string[]>} [wantsMap]
  * @returns {T[]}
  */
-export function sortServicesForBoot(services, disabled, afterMap) {
+export function sortServicesForBoot(
-  const active = services.filter((s) => !disabled.has(s.name))
+  services,
+  disabled,
+  afterMap,
+  requiresMap,
+  wantsMap
+) {
+  const reqM = requiresMap || new Map()
+  const wanM = wantsMap || new Map()
+  let active = services.filter((s) => !disabled.has(s.name))
+  active = filterSatisfiedRequires(active, disabled, reqM)
   const nameSet = new Set(active.map((s) => s.name))
   /** @type {Map<string, Set<string>>} */
   const prereq = new Map()
@@ -125,6 +248,12 @@ export function sortServicesForBoot(services, disabled, afterMap) {
     for (const a of afterMap.get(s.name) || []) {
       if (nameSet.has(a)) inc.add(a)
     }
+    for (const r of reqM.get(s.name) || []) {
+      if (nameSet.has(r)) inc.add(r)
+    }
+    for (const w of wanM.get(s.name) || []) {
+      if (nameSet.has(w)) inc.add(w)
+    }
     prereq.set(s.name, inc)
   }
   const remaining = new Set(active.map((s) => s.name))

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-initd.js

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ import {
 } from './bare-os-var-log.js'
 import {
   BARE_INITD_DEFAULT_AFTER,
-  loadInitdAfterMap,
+  emptyUnitDropIn,
+  loadInitdUnitDropIns,
   readInitdDisabledSet,
+  readUnitDropIn,
   sortServicesForBoot
 } from './bare-initd-user.js'
 
@@ -135,10 +137,30 @@ export async function startBareService(ctx, name) {
   if (rt?.phase === 'active') {
     return { noop: true, message: `${name} is already active` }
   }
+  const vfs = ctx.vfs
+  const di =
+    vfs && typeof vfs.readFile === 'function'
+      ? await readUnitDropIn(vfs, name)
+      : emptyUnitDropIn()
+  const startSec = di.timeoutStartSec
   const t0 = Date.now()
   try {
-    await s.start(ctx)
+    await withTimeoutSec(s.start(ctx), startSec, `start ${name}`)
     runtime.set(name, { phase: 'active', startedAtMs: t0 })
+    const post = di.execStartPost
+    if (post && typeof ctx.execLine === 'function' && post.trim()) {
+      try {
+        await ctx.execLine(post.trim())
+      } catch (e) {
+        const msg = e?.message || String(e)
+        try {
+          ctx.console?.error?.(`[bare-initd] ${name} ExecStartPost: ${msg}`)
+        } catch {
+          /* ignore */
+        }
+        void appendVarLog(ctx, INITD_LOG, name, 'ExecStartPost: ' + msg)
+      }
+    }
     return { ok: true }
   } catch (e) {
     const msg = e?.message || String(e)
@@ -154,16 +176,43 @@ export async function startBareService(ctx, name) {
 }
 
 /**
- * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @param {Promise<void>} promise
- * @param {string} name
+ * @param {number | null | undefined} sec
+ * @param {string} label
  */
+async function withTimeoutSec(promise, sec, label) {
+  if (sec == null || !Number.isFinite(sec) || sec <= 0) return promise
+  const ms = Math.round(sec * 1000)
+  return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const t = setTimeout(() => {
+      reject(new Error(`${label} timed out after ${sec}s`))
+    }, ms)
+    Promise.resolve(promise).then(
+      () => {
+        clearTimeout(t)
+        resolve(undefined)
+      },
+      (e) => {
+        clearTimeout(t)
+        reject(e)
+      }
+    )
+  })
+}
+
 export async function stopBareService(ctx, name) {
   const s = findBareServiceDefinition(name)
   if (!s) throw new Error(`Unknown unit: ${name}`)
   if (typeof s.stop !== 'function') {
     throw new Error(`Unit ${name} does not support stop (no stop handler)`)
   }
-  await s.stop(ctx)
+  const vfs = ctx.vfs
+  let stopSec = null
+  if (vfs && typeof vfs.readFile === 'function') {
+    const di = await readUnitDropIn(vfs, name)
+    stopSec = di.timeoutStopSec
+  }
+  await withTimeoutSec(s.stop(ctx), stopSec, `stop ${name}`)
   const prev = runtime.get(name)
   runtime.set(name, {
     phase: 'inactive',
@@ -183,10 +232,16 @@ export async function restartBareService(ctx, name) {
       `Unit ${name} does not support restart (no stop handler; session teardown only)`
     )
   }
-  await s.stop(ctx)
+  await stopBareService(ctx, name)
+  const vfs = ctx.vfs
+  const di =
+    vfs && typeof vfs.readFile === 'function'
+      ? await readUnitDropIn(vfs, name)
+      : null
+  const startSec = di?.timeoutStartSec
   const t0 = Date.now()
   try {
-    await s.start(ctx)
+    await withTimeoutSec(s.start(ctx), startSec, `start ${name}`)
     runtime.set(name, { phase: 'active', startedAtMs: t0 })
   } catch (e) {
     const msg = e?.message || String(e)
@@ -211,27 +266,84 @@ export async function startBareInitd(ctx) {
   let ordered = registry
   if (vfs && typeof vfs.readFile === 'function') {
     const disabled = await readInitdDisabledSet(vfs)
-    const afterMap = await loadInitdAfterMap(
+    const dropIns = await loadInitdUnitDropIns(
       vfs,
       registry,
       BARE_INITD_DEFAULT_AFTER
     )
-    ordered = sortServicesForBoot(registry, disabled, afterMap)
+    /** @type {Map<string, string[]>} */
+    const requiresMap = new Map()
+    /** @type {Map<string, string[]>} */
+    const wantsMap = new Map()
+    /** @type {Map<string, string[]>} */
+    const afterMap = new Map()
+    for (const [name, di] of dropIns) {
+      afterMap.set(name, di.after)
+      requiresMap.set(name, di.requires)
+      wantsMap.set(name, di.wants)
+    }
+    ordered = sortServicesForBoot(
+      registry,
+      disabled,
+      afterMap,
+      requiresMap,
+      wantsMap
+    )
   }
   for (const s of ordered) {
     const t0 = Date.now()
-    try {
+    /** @type {import('./bare-initd-user.js').BareInitdUnitDropIn | null} */
-      await s.start(ctx)
+    let dropIn = null
-      runtime.set(s.name, { phase: 'active', startedAtMs: t0 })
+    if (vfs && typeof vfs.readFile === 'function') {
-    } catch (e) {
+      dropIn = await readUnitDropIn(vfs, s.name)
-      const msg = e?.message || String(e)
+    }
-      runtime.set(s.name, { phase: 'failed', startedAtMs: t0, error: msg })
+    const startSec = dropIn?.timeoutStartSec
+    const maxAttempts =
+      dropIn?.restart === 'on-failure' || dropIn?.restart === 'always'
+        ? 3
+        : 1
+    const restartDelayMs =
+      dropIn?.restartSec != null && dropIn.restartSec >= 0
+        ? Math.round(dropIn.restartSec * 1000)
+        : 1000
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt++) {
       try {
-        ctx.console?.error?.(`[bare-initd] ${s.name}: ${msg}`)
+        if (attempt > 0) {
-      } catch {
+          await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, restartDelayMs))
-        /* ignore */
+        }
+        await withTimeoutSec(s.start(ctx), startSec, `start ${s.name}`)
+        runtime.set(s.name, { phase: 'active', startedAtMs: t0 })
+        const post = dropIn?.execStartPost
+        if (
+          post &&
+          typeof ctx.execLine === 'function' &&
+          post.trim()
+        ) {
+          try {
+            await ctx.execLine(post.trim())
+          } catch (e) {
+            const msg = e?.message || String(e)
+            try {
+              ctx.console?.error?.(`[bare-initd] ${s.name} ExecStartPost: ${msg}`)
+            } catch {
+              /* ignore */
+            }
+            void appendVarLog(ctx, INITD_LOG, s.name, 'ExecStartPost: ' + msg)
+          }
+        }
+        break
+      } catch (e) {
+        const msg = e?.message || String(e)
+        if (attempt === maxAttempts - 1) {
+          runtime.set(s.name, { phase: 'failed', startedAtMs: t0, error: msg })
+          try {
+            ctx.console?.error?.(`[bare-initd] ${s.name}: ${msg}`)
+          } catch {
+            /* ignore */
+          }
+          void appendVarLog(ctx, INITD_LOG, s.name, msg)
+        }
       }
-      void appendVarLog(ctx, INITD_LOG, s.name, msg)
     }
   }
 }

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-os-ctx-api.js

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
  * Semantic version of the booter `ctx` contract for custom kernels.
  * Bump when adding/removing/renaming documented `ctx` fields or changing behavior.
  */
-export const BARE_OS_CTX_API_VERSION = '1.3.0'
+export const BARE_OS_CTX_API_VERSION = '1.4.0'

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-os-runtime-caps.js

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export const BARE_OS_PSEUDO_FS_PATHS = Object.freeze([
   '/dev/zero',
   '/dev/urandom',
   '/proc',
+  '/proc/bare_os_session_stats',
   '/proc/bare_os_version',
   '/proc/cpuinfo',
   '/proc/loadavg',
@@ -34,12 +35,15 @@ export const BARE_OS_PSEUDO_FS_PATHS = Object.freeze([
   '/proc/version',
   '/run',
   '/run/bare-os',
+  '/run/bare-os/boot.json',
   '/run/bare-os/boot_profile',
+  '/run/bare-os/ready',
   '/run/bare-os/session',
   '/run/bare-os/units',
   '/sys',
   '/sys/fs',
   '/sys/fs/bare_os',
+  '/sys/fs/bare_os/build_id',
   '/sys/fs/bare_os/version'
 ])
 
@@ -48,6 +52,11 @@ export const BARE_OS_PSEUDO_FS_PATHS = Object.freeze([
  */
 export function buildBareOsRuntimeCaps(shellEnv) {
   const pl = getBareOsPipelineLimits(shellEnv)
+  const auditOn =
+    shellEnv.BARE_OS_AUDIT === '1' || shellEnv.BARE_OS_AUDIT === 'true'
+  const minimalBoot =
+    shellEnv.BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL === '1' ||
+    shellEnv.BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL === 'true'
   return Object.freeze({
     ctxApiVersion: BARE_OS_CTX_API_VERSION,
     pipeline: Object.freeze({
@@ -73,7 +82,19 @@ export function buildBareOsRuntimeCaps(shellEnv) {
       identityVault: true,
       httpDelegate: true,
       gitDelegate: true,
-      systemctlDelegate: true
+      systemctlDelegate: true,
+      jobControl: true,
+      shellHereString: true,
+      bootReadyPseudoFs: true,
+      sessionStatsProc: true,
+      initdRequiresWants: true,
+      initdTimeoutsRestart: true,
+      vfsChown: true,
+      auditLog: auditOn,
+      recoveryBootCapable: true,
+      minimalBootActive: minimalBoot,
+      vfsWatch: false,
+      seederRpcExtended: true
     })
   })
 }

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/bare-os-var-log.js

@@ -10,12 +10,15 @@ export const CRON_LOG = `${BARE_OS_VAR_LOG_DIR}/cron.log`
 
 export const INITD_LOG = `${BARE_OS_VAR_LOG_DIR}/initd.log`
 
+export const AUDIT_LOG = `${BARE_OS_VAR_LOG_DIR}/audit.log`
+
 const README_REL = `${BARE_OS_VAR_LOG_DIR}/README`
 
 const README_TEXT = `Bare OS session logs (mirrored on your personal drive under /.bare-os/var/log/<HOME-basename>/).
   kernel-console.log — console.log / console.error from the kernel session
   cron.log          — bare-cron job errors
   initd.log         — bare-initd service start failures
+  audit.log         — optional execLine audit when BARE_OS_AUDIT=1
 `
 
 /** Max size before trimming older log bytes (best-effort). */

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/shell.js

@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@ const SHELL_BUILTINS = new Set([
   'type',
   'login',
   'logout',
-  'exit'
+  'exit',
+  'jobs',
+  'fg',
+  'bg'
 ])
 
 function isShellBuiltin(cmd) {
@@ -332,6 +335,11 @@ export function tokenize(line) {
       continue
     }
     if (c === '<') {
+      if (line[i + 1] === '<' && line[i + 2] === '<') {
+        tokens.push({ type: 'op', value: '<<<' })
+        i += 3
+        continue
+      }
       tokens.push({ type: 'op', value: '<' })
       i++
       continue
@@ -444,7 +452,8 @@ export function expandWord(s, env) {
  *   redirAppend: boolean,
  *   redirErr: string | null,
  *   redirErrAppend: boolean,
- *   mergeStderrToStdout: boolean
+ *   mergeStderrToStdout: boolean,
+ *   redirHereDoc: string | null
  * }} SimpleCmd
  */
 
@@ -476,6 +485,8 @@ function parseSimpleCommand(seg) {
   let redirErr = null
   let redirErrAppend = false
   let mergeStderrToStdout = false
+  /** @type {string | null} */
+  let redirHereDoc = null
   /** @type {string[]} */
   const argvWords = []
   let seenCommand = false
@@ -515,6 +526,14 @@ function parseSimpleCommand(seg) {
           continue
         }
       }
+      if (t.value === '<<<') {
+        const n = seg[w + 1]
+        if (n && n.type === 'word') {
+          redirHereDoc = n.value
+          w += 2
+          continue
+        }
+      }
       w++
       continue
     }
@@ -574,6 +593,11 @@ function parseSimpleCommand(seg) {
       argvWords.splice(i, 2)
       continue
     }
+    if (argvWords[i] === '<<<') {
+      redirHereDoc = argvWords[i + 1] ?? ''
+      argvWords.splice(i, 2)
+      continue
+    }
     i++
   }
 
@@ -585,7 +609,8 @@ function parseSimpleCommand(seg) {
     redirAppend,
     redirErr,
     redirErrAppend,
-    mergeStderrToStdout
+    mergeStderrToStdout,
+    redirHereDoc
   }
 }
 
@@ -681,7 +706,9 @@ async function execParsedPipeline(ctx, pipeline) {
     }
     const name = argv[0]
 
-    if (cmd.redirIn) {
+    if (cmd.redirHereDoc) {
+      stdinText = expandWord(cmd.redirHereDoc, env)
+    } else if (cmd.redirIn) {
       const p = expandWord(cmd.redirIn, env)
       const buf = await vfs.readFile(p)
       stdinText = buf ? ctx.b4a.toString(buf) : ''
@@ -710,11 +737,21 @@ async function execParsedPipeline(ctx, pipeline) {
       }
     }
     const pushOut = (...args) => {
-      outChunks.push(args.map(String).join(' ') + '\n')
+      const line = args.map(String).join(' ') + '\n'
+      outChunks.push(line)
+      const st = ctx.bareOsSessionStats
+      if (st && typeof st.pipelineBytesTotal === 'number') {
+        st.pipelineBytesTotal += line.length
+      }
       checkCaptureSize(outChunks)
     }
     const pushErr = (...args) => {
-      errChunks.push(args.map(String).join(' ') + '\n')
+      const line = args.map(String).join(' ') + '\n'
+      errChunks.push(line)
+      const st = ctx.bareOsSessionStats
+      if (st && typeof st.pipelineBytesTotal === 'number') {
+        st.pipelineBytesTotal += line.length
+      }
       checkCaptureSize(errChunks)
     }
 
@@ -920,6 +957,45 @@ async function execParsedPipeline(ctx, pipeline) {
           origErr.call(ctx.console, 'logout: not supported in this environment')
           ctx.exitCode = 1
         }
+      } else if (name === 'jobs') {
+        const list = ctx.shellBackgroundJobs?.list || []
+        if (!list.length) {
+          origLog.call(ctx.console, '')
+        } else {
+          for (const j of list) {
+            const st = j.done ? 'Done' : 'Running'
+            origLog.call(ctx.console, `[${j.id}]+  ${st}  ${j.label}`)
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (name === 'fg') {
+        const list = ctx.shellBackgroundJobs?.list || []
+        let candidates = list.filter((j) => !j.done)
+        const arg = argv[1]
+        if (arg) {
+          const raw = arg.startsWith('%') ? arg.slice(1) : arg
+          const id = Number.parseInt(raw, 10)
+          if (Number.isFinite(id)) {
+            candidates = list.filter((j) => j.id === id)
+          }
+        }
+        const j = candidates.length ? candidates[candidates.length - 1] : null
+        if (!j) {
+          origErr.call(ctx.console, 'fg: no such job')
+          ctx.exitCode = 1
+        } else {
+          try {
+            await j.promise
+          } catch {
+            /* background errors already logged */
+          }
+          ctx.exitCode = 0
+        }
+      } else if (name === 'bg') {
+        origErr.call(
+          ctx.console,
+          'bg: job resume is not supported (no stopped jobs)'
+        )
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
       } else if (name === 'exit') {
         code = 'exit'
         let ec = 0
@@ -1024,6 +1100,70 @@ function splitTopLevelStatements(tokens) {
   return out
 }
 
+/**
+ * Split on `&` at depth 0 (outside `if`/`fi`). Each segment except the last runs in the background.
+ * @param {Token[]} tokens
+ * @returns {Token[][]}
+ */
+function splitTopLevelByAmpersand(tokens) {
+  /** @type {Token[][]} */
+  const out = []
+  /** @type {Token[]} */
+  let cur = []
+  let depth = 0
+  for (const t of tokens) {
+    if (t.type === 'word') {
+      if (t.value === 'if') depth++
+      else if (t.value === 'fi') depth = Math.max(0, depth - 1)
+    }
+    if (t.type === 'op' && t.value === '&' && depth === 0) {
+      out.push(cur)
+      cur = []
+    } else {
+      cur.push(t)
+    }
+  }
+  out.push(cur)
+  return out
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @param {Token[]} toks
+ */
+function scheduleBackgroundShell(ctx, toks) {
+  if (!ctx.shellBackgroundJobs) {
+    ctx.shellBackgroundJobs = { nextId: 1, list: [] }
+  }
+  const id = ctx.shellBackgroundJobs.nextId++
+  const label = toks
+    .filter((t) => t.type === 'word')
+    .map((t) => t.value)
+    .slice(0, 6)
+    .join(' ')
+  const childCtx = Object.assign({}, ctx)
+  const promise = (async () => {
+    const statements = splitTopLevelStatements(toks)
+    for (const stmt of statements) {
+      if (!stmt.length) continue
+      const r =
+        stmt[0]?.type === 'word' && stmt[0].value === 'if'
+          ? await execIfConstruct(childCtx, stmt)
+          : await execAndOrList(childCtx, stmt)
+      if (r === 'exit') return r
+    }
+    syncBareOsExitStatusEnv(childCtx)
+    return 'ok'
+  })()
+  /** @type {{ id: number, label: string, promise: Promise<string>, done: boolean }} */
+  const entry = { id, label, promise, done: false }
+  ctx.shellBackgroundJobs.list.push(entry)
+  promise.finally(() => {
+    entry.done = true
+  })
+  ctx.console.error(`[${id}] ${label || '(job)'} &`)
+}
+
 /**
  * @param {Token[]} tokens
  * @param {number} start index after `if`
@@ -1208,25 +1348,26 @@ export async function execShellLine(ctx, line) {
   const tokens = tokenize(raw)
   if (!tokens.length) return 'ok'
 
-  if (tokens.some((t) => t.type === 'op' && t.value === '&')) {
-    ctx.console.error(
-      'shell: unsupported operator & (job control is not available)'
-    )
-    ctx.exitCode = 2
-    syncBareOsExitStatusEnv(ctx)
-    return 'ok'
-  }
-
   const statements = splitTopLevelStatements(tokens)
   for (const stmt of statements) {
     if (!stmt.length) continue
-    const r =
+    const ampParts = splitTopLevelByAmpersand(stmt)
-      stmt[0]?.type === 'word' && stmt[0].value === 'if'
+    for (let ai = 0; ai < ampParts.length; ai++) {
-        ? await execIfConstruct(ctx, stmt)
+      const part = ampParts[ai]
-        : await execAndOrList(ctx, stmt)
+      if (!part.length) continue
-    if (r === 'exit') {
+      const isBg = ai < ampParts.length - 1
-      syncBareOsExitStatusEnv(ctx)
+      if (isBg) {
-      return 'exit'
+        scheduleBackgroundShell(ctx, part)
+        continue
+      }
+      const r =
+        part[0]?.type === 'word' && part[0].value === 'if'
+          ? await execIfConstruct(ctx, part)
+          : await execAndOrList(ctx, part)
+      if (r === 'exit') {
+        syncBareOsExitStatusEnv(ctx)
+        return 'exit'
+      }
     }
   }
   syncBareOsExitStatusEnv(ctx)

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/vfs.js

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import unixPathResolve from 'unix-path-resolve'
 import b4a from 'b4a'
 import {
   extractBareOs,
+  identityNames,
   isPersonalRoute,
   isVirtualMountPoint,
   mergeBareOsOnWrite,
@@ -33,7 +34,12 @@ const DIR_MARKER = '.bareos_empty'
  *   bootStartedMs?: number,
  *   initdRunText?: () => string,
  *   bootProfileText?: () => string,
- *   sessionText?: () => string
+ *   sessionText?: () => string,
+ *   sessionStatsText?: () => string,
+ *   bootReadyMarkerText?: () => string,
+ *   bootReadyJsonText?: () => string,
+ *   buildIdText?: () => string,
+ *   secureRandomBytes?: (n: number) => Uint8Array
  * }} [vfsOptions]
  */
 export function createVfs(
@@ -60,6 +66,26 @@ export function createVfs(
     typeof vfsOptions.sessionText === 'function'
       ? vfsOptions.sessionText
       : null
+  const sessionStatsText =
+    typeof vfsOptions.sessionStatsText === 'function'
+      ? vfsOptions.sessionStatsText
+      : null
+  const bootReadyMarkerText =
+    typeof vfsOptions.bootReadyMarkerText === 'function'
+      ? vfsOptions.bootReadyMarkerText
+      : null
+  const bootReadyJsonText =
+    typeof vfsOptions.bootReadyJsonText === 'function'
+      ? vfsOptions.bootReadyJsonText
+      : null
+  const buildIdText =
+    typeof vfsOptions.buildIdText === 'function'
+      ? vfsOptions.buildIdText
+      : null
+  const secureRandomBytes =
+    typeof vfsOptions.secureRandomBytes === 'function'
+      ? vfsOptions.secureRandomBytes
+      : null
   const HOME = () => env.HOME || '/home/guest'
   let cwd = env.PWD || HOME()
 
@@ -190,9 +216,19 @@ export function createVfs(
     return '/bin/sh (bare-os stub; not a real inode)\n'
   }
 
-  /** Bounded pseudo-random buffer; **not** suitable for cryptography. */
+  /**
+   * When the booter supplies `secureRandomBytes` (e.g. node:crypto), reads are suitable
+   * for cryptographic use; otherwise falls back to Math.random (not crypto-grade).
+   */
   function pseudoUrandomBytes() {
     const n = 4096
+    if (secureRandomBytes) {
+      try {
+        return secureRandomBytes(n)
+      } catch {
+        /* fall through */
+      }
+    }
     const u = new Uint8Array(n)
     for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) u[i] = Math.floor(Math.random() * 256)
     return u
@@ -204,6 +240,10 @@ export function createVfs(
     if (f === 'version' && (k === 'proc' || k === 'sys')) {
       return utf8Encode(pseudoVersionText())
     }
+    if (k === 'sys' && f === 'build_id') {
+      const t = buildIdText ? buildIdText() : 'unknown\n'
+      return utf8Encode(t)
+    }
     if (k === 'proc') {
       if (f === 'cmdline') return utf8Encode(pseudoCmdlineText())
       if (f === 'environ') return pseudoEnvironBytes()
@@ -213,6 +253,12 @@ export function createVfs(
       if (f === 'loadavg') return utf8Encode(pseudoLoadavgText())
       if (f === 'exe') return utf8Encode(pseudoSelfExeText())
       if (f === 'mounts') return utf8Encode(pseudoMountsText())
+      if (f === 'bare_os_session_stats') {
+        const t = sessionStatsText
+          ? sessionStatsText()
+          : '{}\n'
+        return utf8Encode(t)
+      }
     }
     if (k === 'run' && f === 'units') {
       const t = initdRunText
@@ -228,6 +274,14 @@ export function createVfs(
       const t = sessionText ? sessionText() : '\n'
       return utf8Encode(t)
     }
+    if (k === 'run' && f === 'ready') {
+      const t = bootReadyMarkerText ? bootReadyMarkerText() : '0\n'
+      return utf8Encode(t)
+    }
+    if (k === 'run' && f === 'boot_json') {
+      const t = bootReadyJsonText ? bootReadyJsonText() : '{}\n'
+      return utf8Encode(t)
+    }
     if (k === 'dev' && f === 'null') return utf8Encode('')
     if (k === 'dev' && f === 'zero') return new Uint8Array(65536)
     if (k === 'dev' && f === 'urandom') return pseudoUrandomBytes()
@@ -275,6 +329,14 @@ export function createVfs(
       if (sub === 'mounts') {
         return { virtualPseudo: true, kind: 'proc', node: 'file', file: 'mounts' }
       }
+      if (sub === 'bare_os_session_stats') {
+        return {
+          virtualPseudo: true,
+          kind: 'proc',
+          node: 'file',
+          file: 'bare_os_session_stats'
+        }
+      }
       return { virtualPseudo: true, kind: 'proc', node: 'enoent' }
     }
     if (n === '/run' || n.startsWith('/run/')) {
@@ -303,6 +365,17 @@ export function createVfs(
           file: 'session'
         }
       }
+      if (n === '/run/bare-os/ready') {
+        return { virtualPseudo: true, kind: 'run', node: 'file', file: 'ready' }
+      }
+      if (n === '/run/bare-os/boot.json') {
+        return {
+          virtualPseudo: true,
+          kind: 'run',
+          node: 'file',
+          file: 'boot_json'
+        }
+      }
       return { virtualPseudo: true, kind: 'run', node: 'enoent' }
     }
     if (n === '/dev' || n.startsWith('/dev/')) {
@@ -333,6 +406,9 @@ export function createVfs(
       if (n === '/sys/fs/bare_os/version') {
         return { virtualPseudo: true, kind: 'sys', node: 'file', file: 'version' }
       }
+      if (n === '/sys/fs/bare_os/build_id') {
+        return { virtualPseudo: true, kind: 'sys', node: 'file', file: 'build_id' }
+      }
       return { virtualPseudo: true, kind: 'sys', node: 'enoent' }
     }
     return null
@@ -823,6 +899,7 @@ export function createVfs(
       }
       if (pr.kind === 'proc' && pr.node === 'root') {
         return [
+          'bare_os_session_stats',
           'bare_os_version',
           'cpuinfo',
           'loadavg',
@@ -843,13 +920,13 @@ export function createVfs(
         return ['bare_os']
       }
       if (pr.kind === 'sys' && pr.node === 'dir' && pr.dir === 'bare_os') {
-        return ['version']
+        return ['build_id', 'version']
       }
       if (pr.kind === 'run' && pr.node === 'root') {
         return ['bare-os']
       }
       if (pr.kind === 'run' && pr.node === 'dir' && pr.dir === 'bare_os') {
-        return ['boot_profile', 'session', 'units']
+        return ['boot.json', 'boot_profile', 'ready', 'session', 'units']
       }
       if (pr.kind === 'dev' && pr.node === 'root') {
         return ['null', 'urandom', 'zero']
@@ -1201,6 +1278,93 @@ export function createVfs(
       })
     },
 
+    /**
+     * Update stored ownership on the personal drive (same writable scope as chmod). Root (euid 0)
+     * may set any uid/gid; non-root may only change the group of files they own.
+     * @param {string} userPath
+     * @param {{ uid: number, gid: number, uname?: string, gname?: string }} next
+     */
+    async chown(userPath, next) {
+      const abs = resolveLogical(userPath)
+      const r = route(abs)
+      if (
+        r.virtualHomeDir ||
+        r.virtualMntRoot ||
+        r.virtualVarRoot ||
+        r.virtualPseudo
+      ) {
+        throw new Error('chown: ' + userPath + ': Operation not supported')
+      }
+      if (r.mntReadOnly === true) {
+        throw new Error('Read-only mount: ' + userPath)
+      }
+      const { drive, path: p } = r
+      if (drive !== personalDrive) {
+        throw new Error('chown: read-only system path: ' + userPath)
+      }
+      if (isHyperdriveRootPath(p)) {
+        throw new Error('chown: invalid path')
+      }
+      const st = await lstatFromAbs(abs)
+      if (!st) throw new Error('chown: ' + userPath + ': No such file')
+      const { uid: euid } = parseUidGid(env)
+      const nu = Number(next.uid)
+      const ng = Number(next.gid)
+      if (!Number.isFinite(nu) || !Number.isFinite(ng)) {
+        throw new Error('chown: invalid uid/gid')
+      }
+      if (euid !== 0) {
+        if (euid !== st.uid) {
+          throw new Error('chown: ' + userPath + ': Operation not permitted')
+        }
+        if (nu !== st.uid) {
+          throw new Error('chown: ' + userPath + ': Operation not permitted')
+        }
+      }
+      const { user: defU, group: defG } = identityNames(env)
+      const uname =
+        typeof next.uname === 'string' && next.uname.trim()
+          ? next.uname.trim()
+          : defU
+      const gname =
+        typeof next.gname === 'string' && next.gname.trim()
+          ? next.gname.trim()
+          : defG
+      const e = await entryOn(drive, p, { follow: false })
+      if (!e?.value) {
+        throw new Error('chown: cannot change inferred directory: ' + userPath)
+      }
+      const v = e.value
+      const prevBare = extractBareOs(v)
+      const now = Date.now()
+      const bo = prevBare
+        ? {
+            ...prevBare,
+            uid: nu,
+            gid: ng,
+            uname,
+            gname,
+            mtimeMs: prevBare.mtimeMs,
+            ctimeMs: now
+          }
+        : {
+            mode: S_IFREG | 0o644,
+            uid: nu,
+            gid: ng,
+            uname,
+            gname,
+            mtimeMs: st.mtimeMs,
+            ctimeMs: now
+          }
+      const executable = !!(v.blob && (bo.mode & 0o111))
+      await drive.putEntry(p, {
+        executable,
+        linkname: v.linkname ?? null,
+        blob: v.blob ?? null,
+        metadata: mergeEntryMetadata(v.metadata, bo)
+      })
+    },
+
     /**
      * Like stat but do not follow symlinks at the final path (for isomorphic-git lstat).
      */

packages/bare-os-booter/lib/wget-cli.js

@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ export async function runWgetCli(ctx, argv) {
     userAgent: /** @type {string | null} */ (null),
     timeoutMs: 0,
     continuePartial: false,
+    noClobber: false,
     extraHeaders: /** @type {string[]} */ ([]),
     postData: /** @type {string | null} */ (null),
     postFile: /** @type {string | null} */ (null)
@@ -207,6 +208,12 @@ export async function runWgetCli(ctx, argv) {
       continue
     }
 
+    if (a === '-nc' || a === '--no-clobber') {
+      st.noClobber = true
+      i++
+      continue
+    }
+
     if (a === '-O' || a === '--output-document') {
       if (i + 1 >= args.length) {
         ctx.console.error('wget: option requires an argument: ' + a)
@@ -345,6 +352,7 @@ export async function runWgetCli(ctx, argv) {
     userAgent,
     timeoutMs,
     continuePartial,
+    noClobber,
     extraHeaders,
     postData,
     postFile
@@ -380,6 +388,12 @@ export async function runWgetCli(ctx, argv) {
     return
   }
 
+  if (noClobber && continuePartial) {
+    ctx.console.error('wget: --no-clobber cannot be used with --continue')
+    ctx.exitCode = 2
+    return
+  }
+
   if (outputDocument && directoryPrefix) {
     ctx.console.error('wget: cannot combine -O and -P')
     ctx.exitCode = 2
@@ -509,6 +523,24 @@ export async function runWgetCli(ctx, argv) {
       buf = combined
     }
 
+    if (
+      noClobber &&
+      targetPath != null &&
+      outputDocument !== '-' &&
+      !continuePartial
+    ) {
+      try {
+        const ex = await vfs.stat(targetPath)
+        if (ex && ex.type === 'file' && (ex.size ?? 0) > 0) {
+          if (!quiet)
+            ctx.console.error('wget: ' + targetPath + ': File exists (--no-clobber)')
+          continue
+        }
+      } catch {
+        /* treat as absent */
+      }
+    }
+
     if (outputDocument === '-') {
       ctx.console.log(ctx.b4a.toString(buf))
     } else if (outputDocument != null) {

packages/bare-os-booter/test.js

@@ -691,6 +691,7 @@ test('vfs /proc /sys read-only pseudo files; write rejected', async (t) => {
   t.ok(root.includes('run'))
   t.ok(root.includes('dev'))
   t.alike(await vfs.readdir('/proc').then((a) => [...a].sort()), [
+    'bare_os_session_stats',
     'bare_os_version',
     'cpuinfo',
     'loadavg',
@@ -741,7 +742,9 @@ test('vfs /proc /sys read-only pseudo files; write rejected', async (t) => {
   const z = await vfs.readFile('/dev/zero')
   t.ok(z && z.byteLength === 65536)
   t.alike(await vfs.readdir('/run/bare-os').then((a) => [...a].sort()), [
+    'boot.json',
     'boot_profile',
+    'ready',
     'session',
     'units'
   ])

packages/bare-os-coreutils/src/chgrp.js

@@ -1,6 +1,85 @@
-async function run(ctx, argv) {
+/**
-  ctx.console.error(
+ * chgrp — change file group (Hyperdrive metadata on writable paths).
-    'chgrp: changing group is not supported on Bare OS (single-user Hyperdrive metadata).'
+ */
-  )
+
-  ctx.exitCode = 1
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {number | null}
+ */
+function parseGroupSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return null
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null
+  }
+  const g = (env.GROUP || env.USER || 'guest').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return 0
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return 65534
+  if (g && s === g) {
+    const gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(gid) ? gid : 65534
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+async function run(ctx, argv) {
+  let i = 1
+  const files = []
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const a = argv[i]
+    if (a === '-h' || a === '--help') {
+      ctx.console.log(
+        'usage: chgrp [-h] GROUP FILE...\n' +
+          'GROUP may be a numeric gid or root/guest/nobody/current GROUP name.'
+      )
+      ctx.exitCode = 0
+      return
+    }
+    if (!a.startsWith('-')) break
+    ctx.console.error('chgrp: unsupported option: ' + a)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const groupSpec = argv[i++]
+  if (!groupSpec || i >= argv.length) {
+    ctx.console.error('usage: chgrp GROUP FILE...')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) files.push(argv[i])
+  const gid = parseGroupSpec(groupSpec, ctx.vfs.env)
+  if (gid == null) {
+    ctx.console.error('chgrp: invalid group: ' + groupSpec)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const gname = /^\d+$/.test(groupSpec.trim())
+    ? undefined
+    : groupSpec.trim() || undefined
+  for (const f of files) {
+    try {
+      const st = await ctx.vfs.stat(f)
+      if (!st) {
+        ctx.console.error('chgrp: ' + f + ': No such file')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        continue
+      }
+      if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+        ctx.console.error('chgrp: not supported by this VFS')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        return
+      }
+      await ctx.vfs.chown(f, {
+        uid: st.uid,
+        gid,
+        uname: st.user,
+        gname
+      })
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.console.error('chgrp: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+    }
+  }
 }

packages/bare-os-coreutils/src/chown.js

@@ -1,6 +1,153 @@
-async function run(ctx, argv) {
+/**
-  ctx.console.error(
+ * chown — change file owner and group (Hyperdrive metadata on writable paths).
-    'chown: changing file ownership is not supported on Bare OS (single-user Hyperdrive metadata).'
+ */
-  )
+
-  ctx.exitCode = 1
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {{ uid: number | null, gid: number | null }}
+ */
+function parseIdSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return { uid: null, gid: null }
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return { uid: Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null, gid: null }
+  }
+  const u = (env.USER || env.LOGNAME || '').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return { uid: 0, gid: null }
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return { uid: 65534, gid: null }
+  if (u && s === u) {
+    const uid = Number.parseInt(String(env.UID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return { uid: Number.isFinite(uid) ? uid : 65534, gid: null }
+  }
+  return { uid: null, gid: null }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {number | null}
+ */
+function parseGroupSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return null
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null
+  }
+  const g = (env.GROUP || env.USER || 'guest').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return 0
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return 65534
+  if (g && s === g) {
+    const gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(gid) ? gid : 65534
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+async function run(ctx, argv) {
+  let i = 1
+  const files = []
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const a = argv[i]
+    if (a === '-h' || a === '--help') {
+      ctx.console.log(
+        'usage: chown [-h] OWNER[:GROUP] FILE...\n' +
+          'OWNER/GROUP may be numeric ids or root/guest/nobody/current USER/GROUP.'
+      )
+      ctx.exitCode = 0
+      return
+    }
+    if (!a.startsWith('-')) break
+    ctx.console.error('chown: unsupported option: ' + a)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const ownSpec = argv[i++]
+  if (!ownSpec || i >= argv.length) {
+    ctx.console.error('usage: chown OWNER[:GROUP] FILE...')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) files.push(argv[i])
+  const env = ctx.vfs.env
+  const colon = ownSpec.indexOf(':')
+  let uid
+  let gid
+  let uname
+  let gname
+  if (colon === 0 && ownSpec.length > 1) {
+    const gPart = ownSpec.slice(1)
+    gid = parseGroupSpec(gPart, env)
+    gname = /^\d+$/.test(gPart.trim()) ? undefined : gPart.trim() || undefined
+    if (gid == null) {
+      ctx.console.error('chown: invalid group: ' + gPart)
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+      return
+    }
+    for (const f of files) {
+      try {
+        if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+          ctx.console.error('chown: not supported by this VFS')
+          ctx.exitCode = 1
+          return
+        }
+        const st = await ctx.vfs.stat(f)
+        if (!st) {
+          ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': No such file')
+          ctx.exitCode = 1
+          continue
+        }
+        await ctx.vfs.chown(f, {
+          uid: st.uid,
+          gid,
+          uname: st.user,
+          gname
+        })
+      } catch (e) {
+        ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+      }
+    }
+    return
+  }
+  if (colon >= 0) {
+    const uPart = ownSpec.slice(0, colon)
+    const gPart = ownSpec.slice(colon + 1)
+    const pu = parseIdSpec(uPart, env)
+    uid = pu.uid
+    uname = /^\d+$/.test(uPart.trim()) ? undefined : uPart.trim() || undefined
+    if (gPart === '') {
+      gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+      gname = env.GROUP || env.USER
+    } else {
+      gid = parseGroupSpec(gPart, env)
+      gname = /^\d+$/.test(gPart.trim()) ? undefined : gPart.trim() || undefined
+    }
+  } else {
+    const pu = parseIdSpec(ownSpec, env)
+    uid = pu.uid
+    uname = /^\d+$/.test(ownSpec.trim()) ? undefined : ownSpec.trim() || undefined
+    gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    gname = env.GROUP || env.USER
+  }
+  if (uid == null || gid == null) {
+    ctx.console.error('chown: invalid owner or group: ' + ownSpec)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (const f of files) {
+    try {
+      if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+        ctx.console.error('chown: not supported by this VFS')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        return
+      }
+      await ctx.vfs.chown(f, { uid, gid, uname, gname })
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+    }
+  }
 }

packages/bare-os-coreutils/src/find.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * curDepth is distance from the search root directory (0 at the initial path).
  * Printed paths use gnu-like depth curDepth + 1 (immediate children of the root are depth 1).
  */
-async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
+async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, pathRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
   if (maxDepth >= 0 && curDepth > maxDepth) return
   let names
   try {
@@ -21,13 +21,24 @@ async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
     }
     if (!st) continue
     const gnuDepth = curDepth + 1
-    if (!nameRe || nameRe.test(n)) {
+    const pathOk = !pathRe || pathRe.test(path)
+    const nameOk = !nameRe || nameRe.test(n)
+    if (pathOk && nameOk) {
       if (!wantType || st.type === wantType) {
         if (gnuDepth >= minDepth) ctx.console.log(path)
       }
     }
     if (st.type === 'directory')
-      await walk(ctx, path, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth + 1)
+      await walk(
+        ctx,
+        path,
+        nameRe,
+        pathRe,
+        wantType,
+        maxDepth,
+        minDepth,
+        curDepth + 1
+      )
   }
 }
 
@@ -37,6 +48,8 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
   let minDepth = 1
   /** @type {string | null} */
   let nameGlob = null
+  /** @type {string | null} */
+  let pathGlob = null
   /** @type {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink' | null} */
   let wantType = null
   const rest = []
@@ -51,6 +64,10 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
       if (!Number.isFinite(minDepth) || minDepth < 1) minDepth = 1
       continue
     }
+    if (a === '-path' && argv[i + 1]) {
+      pathGlob = argv[++i]
+      continue
+    }
     if (a === '-name' && argv[i + 1]) {
       nameGlob = argv[++i]
       continue
@@ -82,6 +99,16 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
       .replace(/\?/g, '.')
     nameRe = new RegExp('^' + esc + '$')
   }
+  let pathRe = null
+  if (pathGlob) {
+    const esc = pathGlob
+      .replace(/[.+^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
+      .replace(/\*\*/g, '\0GLOBSTAR\0')
+      .replace(/\*/g, '[^/]*')
+      .replace(/\?/g, '[^/]')
+      .replace(/\0GLOBSTAR\0/g, '.*')
+    pathRe = new RegExp('^' + esc + '$')
+  }
   const abs = ctx.vfs.resolveLogical(root)
-  await walk(ctx, abs, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, 0)
+  await walk(ctx, abs, nameRe, pathRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, 0)
 }

packages/bare-os-protocol/lib/channel.js

@@ -58,6 +58,33 @@ export function setupSeedChannel(mux, localRAM, replicateDrive) {
         })
         return
       }
+      if (m.module === 'bare_os' && m.method === 'health') {
+        chan.messages[6].send({
+          id: m.id,
+          success: true,
+          result: JSON.stringify({
+            ok: true,
+            protocol: PROTOCOL_NAME,
+            role: 'seeder'
+          }),
+          error: ''
+        })
+        return
+      }
+      if (m.module === 'bare_os' && m.method === 'kernel_info') {
+        chan.messages[6].send({
+          id: m.id,
+          success: true,
+          result: JSON.stringify({
+            protocol: PROTOCOL_NAME,
+            rpc: ['bare_os.version', 'bare_os.health', 'bare_os.kernel_info'],
+            note:
+              'Kernel and image semver are resolved at boot on the booter; this channel is seeder-local.'
+          }),
+          error: ''
+        })
+        return
+      }
       chan.messages[6].send({
         id: m.id,
         success: false,

packages/bare-os-seeder/kernel/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Files in this directory are **read from disk by the seeder** (or copied into `pa
 - **`share/man/man.json`** — Merged manual database for **`/bin/man`** (built by **`bare-os-coreutils`**; see [handbook ch.10](../handbook/10-manpages-and-online-help.md)).
 - **`etc/os-release`** — Static OS metadata (`NAME`, `VERSION`, …).
 - **`etc/motd`** — Optional message printed after **`os-release`** (distributors can customize).
-- **`etc/bare-os/banner`** or **`/etc/issue`** — If present on the system drive, the default kernel prints one of these instead of the built-in session hint (unless **`BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL`** shortens the banner). Set **`BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=1`** or **`true`** for **`[boot] phase: Nms`** lines on stderr, or **`json`** for **`{"phase":"…","ms":n}`** per phase.
+- **`etc/bare-os/banner`** or **`/etc/issue`** — If present on the system drive, the default kernel prints one of these instead of the built-in session hint (unless **`BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL`** shortens the banner). Set **`BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=1`** or **`true`** for **`[boot] phase: Nms`** lines on stderr, **`json`** for **`{"phase":"…","ms":n}`** per phase, or **`ndjson`** for machine-readable lines with **`sessionId`**. Recovery: **`BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL`**, granular **`BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP`**, optional **`BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST`**, readiness via **`ctx.bareOsPublishBootReady`** → **`/run/bare-os/ready`** and **`/run/bare-os/boot.json`** (see [handbook ch.6](../handbook/06-kernel-and-binaries.md)).
 - **`etc/bare-os/rc`** — Optional boot snippet: one **`execLine`** per non-comment line (trusted).
 - **`etc/bare-os/rc.d/`** — Optional extra snippets (basename must start with a digit), same line rules, run after **`rc`** in filename order. Human-oriented notes live in **`.README`** (a dotfile so legacy **`init.js`** never executes it).
 

packages/bare-os-seeder/kernel/bin/chgrp

@@ -60,9 +60,88 @@ function barePosixBlocks(size) {
   return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
 }
 
-async function run(ctx, argv) {
+/**
-  ctx.console.error(
+ * chgrp — change file group (Hyperdrive metadata on writable paths).
-    'chgrp: changing group is not supported on Bare OS (single-user Hyperdrive metadata).'
+ */
-  )
+
-  ctx.exitCode = 1
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {number | null}
+ */
+function parseGroupSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return null
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null
+  }
+  const g = (env.GROUP || env.USER || 'guest').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return 0
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return 65534
+  if (g && s === g) {
+    const gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(gid) ? gid : 65534
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+async function run(ctx, argv) {
+  let i = 1
+  const files = []
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const a = argv[i]
+    if (a === '-h' || a === '--help') {
+      ctx.console.log(
+        'usage: chgrp [-h] GROUP FILE...\n' +
+          'GROUP may be a numeric gid or root/guest/nobody/current GROUP name.'
+      )
+      ctx.exitCode = 0
+      return
+    }
+    if (!a.startsWith('-')) break
+    ctx.console.error('chgrp: unsupported option: ' + a)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const groupSpec = argv[i++]
+  if (!groupSpec || i >= argv.length) {
+    ctx.console.error('usage: chgrp GROUP FILE...')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) files.push(argv[i])
+  const gid = parseGroupSpec(groupSpec, ctx.vfs.env)
+  if (gid == null) {
+    ctx.console.error('chgrp: invalid group: ' + groupSpec)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const gname = /^\d+$/.test(groupSpec.trim())
+    ? undefined
+    : groupSpec.trim() || undefined
+  for (const f of files) {
+    try {
+      const st = await ctx.vfs.stat(f)
+      if (!st) {
+        ctx.console.error('chgrp: ' + f + ': No such file')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        continue
+      }
+      if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+        ctx.console.error('chgrp: not supported by this VFS')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        return
+      }
+      await ctx.vfs.chown(f, {
+        uid: st.uid,
+        gid,
+        uname: st.user,
+        gname
+      })
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.console.error('chgrp: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+    }
+  }
 }

packages/bare-os-seeder/kernel/bin/chown

@@ -60,9 +60,156 @@ function barePosixBlocks(size) {
   return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
 }
 
-async function run(ctx, argv) {
+/**
-  ctx.console.error(
+ * chown — change file owner and group (Hyperdrive metadata on writable paths).
-    'chown: changing file ownership is not supported on Bare OS (single-user Hyperdrive metadata).'
+ */
-  )
+
-  ctx.exitCode = 1
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {{ uid: number | null, gid: number | null }}
+ */
+function parseIdSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return { uid: null, gid: null }
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return { uid: Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null, gid: null }
+  }
+  const u = (env.USER || env.LOGNAME || '').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return { uid: 0, gid: null }
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return { uid: 65534, gid: null }
+  if (u && s === u) {
+    const uid = Number.parseInt(String(env.UID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return { uid: Number.isFinite(uid) ? uid : 65534, gid: null }
+  }
+  return { uid: null, gid: null }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} spec
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} env
+ * @returns {number | null}
+ */
+function parseGroupSpec(spec, env) {
+  const s = String(spec).trim()
+  if (!s) return null
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(s)) {
+    const n = Number.parseInt(s, 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : null
+  }
+  const g = (env.GROUP || env.USER || 'guest').trim()
+  if (s === 'root') return 0
+  if (s === 'guest' || s === 'nobody') return 65534
+  if (g && s === g) {
+    const gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    return Number.isFinite(gid) ? gid : 65534
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+async function run(ctx, argv) {
+  let i = 1
+  const files = []
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const a = argv[i]
+    if (a === '-h' || a === '--help') {
+      ctx.console.log(
+        'usage: chown [-h] OWNER[:GROUP] FILE...\n' +
+          'OWNER/GROUP may be numeric ids or root/guest/nobody/current USER/GROUP.'
+      )
+      ctx.exitCode = 0
+      return
+    }
+    if (!a.startsWith('-')) break
+    ctx.console.error('chown: unsupported option: ' + a)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  const ownSpec = argv[i++]
+  if (!ownSpec || i >= argv.length) {
+    ctx.console.error('usage: chown OWNER[:GROUP] FILE...')
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (; i < argv.length; i++) files.push(argv[i])
+  const env = ctx.vfs.env
+  const colon = ownSpec.indexOf(':')
+  let uid
+  let gid
+  let uname
+  let gname
+  if (colon === 0 && ownSpec.length > 1) {
+    const gPart = ownSpec.slice(1)
+    gid = parseGroupSpec(gPart, env)
+    gname = /^\d+$/.test(gPart.trim()) ? undefined : gPart.trim() || undefined
+    if (gid == null) {
+      ctx.console.error('chown: invalid group: ' + gPart)
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+      return
+    }
+    for (const f of files) {
+      try {
+        if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+          ctx.console.error('chown: not supported by this VFS')
+          ctx.exitCode = 1
+          return
+        }
+        const st = await ctx.vfs.stat(f)
+        if (!st) {
+          ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': No such file')
+          ctx.exitCode = 1
+          continue
+        }
+        await ctx.vfs.chown(f, {
+          uid: st.uid,
+          gid,
+          uname: st.user,
+          gname
+        })
+      } catch (e) {
+        ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+      }
+    }
+    return
+  }
+  if (colon >= 0) {
+    const uPart = ownSpec.slice(0, colon)
+    const gPart = ownSpec.slice(colon + 1)
+    const pu = parseIdSpec(uPart, env)
+    uid = pu.uid
+    uname = /^\d+$/.test(uPart.trim()) ? undefined : uPart.trim() || undefined
+    if (gPart === '') {
+      gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+      gname = env.GROUP || env.USER
+    } else {
+      gid = parseGroupSpec(gPart, env)
+      gname = /^\d+$/.test(gPart.trim()) ? undefined : gPart.trim() || undefined
+    }
+  } else {
+    const pu = parseIdSpec(ownSpec, env)
+    uid = pu.uid
+    uname = /^\d+$/.test(ownSpec.trim()) ? undefined : ownSpec.trim() || undefined
+    gid = Number.parseInt(String(env.GID ?? '65534'), 10)
+    gname = env.GROUP || env.USER
+  }
+  if (uid == null || gid == null) {
+    ctx.console.error('chown: invalid owner or group: ' + ownSpec)
+    ctx.exitCode = 1
+    return
+  }
+  for (const f of files) {
+    try {
+      if (typeof ctx.vfs.chown !== 'function') {
+        ctx.console.error('chown: not supported by this VFS')
+        ctx.exitCode = 1
+        return
+      }
+      await ctx.vfs.chown(f, { uid, gid, uname, gname })
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.console.error('chown: ' + f + ': ' + (e.message || e))
+      ctx.exitCode = 1
+    }
+  }
 }

packages/bare-os-seeder/kernel/bin/find

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ function barePosixBlocks(size) {
  * curDepth is distance from the search root directory (0 at the initial path).
  * Printed paths use gnu-like depth curDepth + 1 (immediate children of the root are depth 1).
  */
-async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
+async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, pathRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
   if (maxDepth >= 0 && curDepth > maxDepth) return
   let names
   try {
@@ -83,13 +83,24 @@ async function walk(ctx, dir, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth) {
     }
     if (!st) continue
     const gnuDepth = curDepth + 1
-    if (!nameRe || nameRe.test(n)) {
+    const pathOk = !pathRe || pathRe.test(path)
+    const nameOk = !nameRe || nameRe.test(n)
+    if (pathOk && nameOk) {
       if (!wantType || st.type === wantType) {
         if (gnuDepth >= minDepth) ctx.console.log(path)
       }
     }
     if (st.type === 'directory')
-      await walk(ctx, path, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, curDepth + 1)
+      await walk(
+        ctx,
+        path,
+        nameRe,
+        pathRe,
+        wantType,
+        maxDepth,
+        minDepth,
+        curDepth + 1
+      )
   }
 }
 
@@ -99,6 +110,8 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
   let minDepth = 1
   /** @type {string | null} */
   let nameGlob = null
+  /** @type {string | null} */
+  let pathGlob = null
   /** @type {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink' | null} */
   let wantType = null
   const rest = []
@@ -113,6 +126,10 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
       if (!Number.isFinite(minDepth) || minDepth < 1) minDepth = 1
       continue
     }
+    if (a === '-path' && argv[i + 1]) {
+      pathGlob = argv[++i]
+      continue
+    }
     if (a === '-name' && argv[i + 1]) {
       nameGlob = argv[++i]
       continue
@@ -144,6 +161,16 @@ async function run(ctx, argv) {
       .replace(/\?/g, '.')
     nameRe = new RegExp('^' + esc + '$')
   }
+  let pathRe = null
+  if (pathGlob) {
+    const esc = pathGlob
+      .replace(/[.+^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
+      .replace(/\*\*/g, '\0GLOBSTAR\0')
+      .replace(/\*/g, '[^/]*')
+      .replace(/\?/g, '[^/]')
+      .replace(/\0GLOBSTAR\0/g, '.*')
+    pathRe = new RegExp('^' + esc + '$')
+  }
   const abs = ctx.vfs.resolveLogical(root)
-  await walk(ctx, abs, nameRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, 0)
+  await walk(ctx, abs, nameRe, pathRe, wantType, maxDepth, minDepth, 0)
 }

packages/bare-os-seeder/kernel/init.js

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@
  * in file order (trusted). Then readLine yields EOF.
  *
  * BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=json logs one JSON object per phase on stderr: {"phase":"…","ms":n}.
+ * BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE=ndjson logs {"type":"boot","phase","ms","sessionId","ts"} per line.
+ *
+ * BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL=1 or true: skip profile rc, rc, rc.d, rc.local, kernel.d (recovery shell).
+ * BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP: comma-separated phases to skip among:
+ *   profile, rc, rc.d, rc.local, kernel.d, onboot (os-release and motd always run).
+ *
+ * BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST=1 or true: after boot snippets, run a short trusted self-check via execLine.
  *
  * BARE_OS_BOOT_STRICT=1 or true: first execLine throw in trusted boot snippets calls
  * requestBooterExit(1) and stops further boot phases.
@@ -30,7 +37,12 @@
  */
 function wantBootTrace(ctx) {
   const v = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE
-  return v === '1' || v === 'true' || v === 'json'
+  return (
+    v === '1' ||
+    v === 'true' ||
+    v === 'json' ||
+    v === 'ndjson'
+  )
 }
 
 /**
@@ -40,6 +52,56 @@ function isBootTraceJson(ctx) {
   return ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE === 'json'
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ */
+function isBootTraceNdjson(ctx) {
+  return ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_TRACE === 'ndjson'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ */
+function bootMinimal(ctx) {
+  const v = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_MINIMAL
+  return v === '1' || v === 'true'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @returns {Set<string>}
+ */
+function parseBootSkip(ctx) {
+  const raw = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_BOOT_SKIP
+  const out = new Set()
+  if (raw == null || !String(raw).trim()) return out
+  for (const p of String(raw)
+    .split(',')
+    .map((s) => s.trim().toLowerCase())
+    .filter(Boolean)) {
+    out.add(p)
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @param {string} phase
+ */
+function shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, phase) {
+  if (bootMinimal(ctx)) {
+    return (
+      phase === 'profile' ||
+      phase === 'rc' ||
+      phase === 'rc.d' ||
+      phase === 'rc.local' ||
+      phase === 'kernel.d' ||
+      phase === 'onboot'
+    )
+  }
+  return parseBootSkip(ctx).has(phase.toLowerCase())
+}
+
 /**
  * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
  */
@@ -80,13 +142,26 @@ function shouldSkipRcDName(name, patterns) {
  * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
  * @param {string} label
  * @param {() => void | Promise<void>} fn
+ * @param {string[]} phaseLog
  */
-async function bootTimed(ctx, label, fn) {
+async function bootTimed(ctx, label, fn, phaseLog) {
   const t0 = Date.now()
   await fn()
+  const ms = Date.now() - t0
+  phaseLog.push(label)
   if (wantBootTrace(ctx)) {
-    const ms = Date.now() - t0
+    if (isBootTraceNdjson(ctx)) {
-    if (isBootTraceJson(ctx)) {
+      const sid =
+        (ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_SESSION_ID) || ''
+      const rec = {
+        type: 'boot',
+        phase: label,
+        ms,
+        sessionId: sid,
+        ts: Date.now()
+      }
+      ctx.console.error(JSON.stringify(rec))
+    } else if (isBootTraceJson(ctx)) {
       ctx.console.error(JSON.stringify({ phase: label, ms }))
     } else {
       ctx.console.error(`[boot] ${label}: ${ms}ms`)
@@ -348,7 +423,7 @@ async function printSessionBanner(ctx) {
     }
   }
   const defaultBanner =
-    'Bare operating system — guest session (login [--new] <passphrase> to unlock) | shell: cd, export, if/fi, && || ;, |, exit | services: systemctl list-units, journalctl -u UNIT | try: help, ls /bin, crontab -l'
+    'Bare operating system — guest session (login [--new] <passphrase> to unlock) | shell: cd, export, if/fi, && || ;, |, &, jobs/fg, <<<, exit | services: systemctl list-units, journalctl -u UNIT | try: help, ls /bin, crontab -l'
   if (ctx.bareOsSkipRepl) {
     console.log(
       'Bare operating system — non-interactive session (BARE_OS_SKIP_REPL).'
@@ -358,38 +433,115 @@ async function printSessionBanner(ctx) {
   console.log(defaultBanner)
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+async function runKernelSelftest(ctx) {
+  const v = ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_KERNEL_SELFTEST
+  if (v !== '1' && v !== 'true') return true
+  const { execLine, console } = ctx
+  const strict = bootStrict(ctx)
+  const lines = [
+    ':',
+    'true',
+    'false; echo selftest_false_ok',
+    'systemctl list-units 2>/dev/null || true'
+  ]
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    try {
+      await execLine(line)
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error('selftest: ' + ((e && e.message) || String(e)))
+      if (strict) {
+        if (typeof ctx.requestBooterExit === 'function') ctx.requestBooterExit(1)
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
+ * @param {string[]} phaseLog
+ */
+function publishBootReady(ctx, phaseLog) {
+  if (typeof ctx.bareOsPublishBootReady !== 'function') return
+  const sid = (ctx.env && ctx.env.BARE_OS_SESSION_ID) || ''
+  ctx.bareOsPublishBootReady({
+    ready: true,
+    phases: [...phaseLog],
+    sessionId: sid,
+    completedAtMs: Date.now(),
+    minimal: bootMinimal(ctx)
+  })
+}
+
 async function start(ctx) {
   const { readLine, execLine, console } = ctx
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'os-release', () => printOsRelease(ctx))
+  /** @type {string[]} */
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'motd', () => printMotd(ctx))
+  const phaseLog = []
+  await bootTimed(ctx, 'os-release', () => printOsRelease(ctx), phaseLog)
+  await bootTimed(ctx, 'motd', () => printMotd(ctx), phaseLog)
   const profileName = await resolveBootProfileName(ctx)
   /** @type {boolean} */
   let bootOk = true
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.profile', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'profile')) {
-    bootOk = await runProfileRc(ctx, profileName)
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.profile', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runProfileRc(ctx, profileName)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc.profile(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'rc')) {
-    bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc', 'rc')
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc', 'rc')
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.d', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'rc.d')) {
-    bootOk = await runBareOsRcDir(ctx)
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.d', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runBareOsRcDir(ctx)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc.d(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.local', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'rc.local')) {
-    bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc.local', 'rc.local')
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'rc.local', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runRcFileAt(ctx, '/etc/bare-os/rc.local', 'rc.local')
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('rc.local(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'kernel.d', async () => {
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'kernel.d')) {
-    bootOk = await runBareOsKernelDir(ctx)
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'kernel.d', async () => {
-  })
+      bootOk = await runBareOsKernelDir(ctx)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('kernel.d(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
   await printSessionBanner(ctx)
-  await bootTimed(ctx, 'onboot', async () => {
+  phaseLog.push('banner')
-    bootOk = await runOnboot(ctx)
+  if (!shouldSkipBootPhase(ctx, 'onboot')) {
-  })
+    await bootTimed(ctx, 'onboot', async () => {
+      bootOk = await runOnboot(ctx)
+    }, phaseLog)
+  } else {
+    phaseLog.push('onboot(skipped)')
+  }
   if (!bootOk) return
+  await bootTimed(ctx, 'selftest', async () => {
+    bootOk = await runKernelSelftest(ctx)
+  }, phaseLog)
+  if (!bootOk) return
+  publishBootReady(ctx, phaseLog)
   while (true) {
     const line = await readLine('')
     if (line == null) break