/* BARE_OS_BIN_API 1.0.0 — bump when staged /bin script semantics change (see developer guide). */
/** Shared helpers for drive-resident /bin scripts (prepended before each command). */
function bareStdin(ctx) {
  return typeof ctx.shellStdin === 'string' ? ctx.shellStdin : ''
}

/** @param {number} mode @param {'file' | 'directory' | 'symlink'} type */
function bareFormatModeString(mode, type) {
  const typeChar = type === 'directory' ? 'd' : type === 'symlink' ? 'l' : '-'
  const perm = mode & 0o777
  const r = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'r' : '-')
  const w = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'w' : '-')
  const x = (bit) => (perm & bit ? 'x' : '-')
  return (
    typeChar +
    r(0o400) +
    w(0o200) +
    x(0o100) +
    r(0o040) +
    w(0o020) +
    x(0o010) +
    r(0o004) +
    w(0o002) +
    x(0o001)
  )
}

/** @param {number} mtimeMs @param {number} [nowMs] */
function bareFormatLsMtime(mtimeMs, nowMs) {
  const now = nowMs != null ? nowMs : Date.now()
  const d = new Date(mtimeMs)
  const months = [
    'Jan',
    'Feb',
    'Mar',
    'Apr',
    'May',
    'Jun',
    'Jul',
    'Aug',
    'Sep',
    'Oct',
    'Nov',
    'Dec'
  ]
  const mon = months[d.getMonth()]
  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, ' ')
  const sixMo = 180 * 24 * 3600 * 1000
  if (Math.abs(now - mtimeMs) > sixMo) {
    const yr = String(d.getFullYear()).padStart(4, ' ')
    return mon + ' ' + day + '  ' + yr
  }
  const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0')
  const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0')
  return mon + ' ' + day + ' ' + hh + ':' + mm
}

/** @param {number} size */
function barePosixBlocks(size) {
  return Math.ceil(Number(size) / 512) || 0
}

/**
 * Raw stdout for NUL/binary when **`process.stdout.write`** is missing.
 * If **`ctx.bareOsBinWrite(Uint8Array|string)`** is set (tests / host), use it.
 * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
 * @param {string | Uint8Array} chunk
 * @returns {boolean}
 */
function bareOsEmitRaw(ctx, chunk) {
  if (typeof ctx.bareOsBinWrite === 'function') {
    const b4 = ctx.b4a
    const u8 =
      typeof chunk === 'string'
        ? b4 && typeof b4.from === 'function'
          ? b4.from(chunk)
          : new TextEncoder().encode(chunk)
        : chunk
    ctx.bareOsBinWrite(u8 instanceof Uint8Array ? u8 : new Uint8Array(u8))
    return true
  }
  const w = globalThis.process?.stdout?.write
  if (typeof w === 'function') {
    w.call(globalThis.process.stdout, chunk)
    return true
  }
  return false
}

/** Session env map (`vfs.env`, then `ctx.env`). Never throws. */
function bareOsEnv(ctx) {
  const v = ctx && ctx.vfs && ctx.vfs.env
  if (v && typeof v === 'object') return v
  const e = ctx && ctx.env
  if (e && typeof e === 'object') return e
  return {}
}

/**
 * Strict POSIX-ish decimal integer (no octal, no exponent, no empty).
 * @param {unknown} s
 * @returns {number}
 */
function bareOsParseDecInt(s) {
  const t = String(s == null ? '' : s).trim()
  if (!/^[+-]?(?:0|[1-9][0-9]*)$/.test(t)) return NaN
  const n = Number.parseInt(t, 10)
  return Number.isSafeInteger(n) ? n : NaN
}

/** @param {unknown} s */
function bareOsParseNonNegInt(s) {
  const n = bareOsParseDecInt(s)
  return n >= 0 ? n : NaN
}

/**
 * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
 * @param {string} name
 * @param {number} fallback
 * @param {number} [min]
 * @param {number} [max]
 */
function bareOsEnvInt(ctx, name, fallback, min, max) {
  const raw = bareOsEnv(ctx)[name]
  if (raw == null || raw === '') return fallback
  const n = Number.parseInt(String(raw), 10)
  if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return fallback
  let v = n
  if (min != null && v < min) v = min
  if (max != null && v > max) v = max
  return v
}

/**
 * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
 * @param {string} msg
 * @param {number} [code]
 */
function bareOsFail(ctx, msg, code) {
  if (msg) ctx.console.error(msg)
  ctx.exitCode = code == null ? 1 : code
}

/** @param {unknown} e */
function bareOsIsNotFoundErr(e) {
  const code = e && typeof e === 'object' ? e.code : ''
  if (code === 'ENOENT') return true
  const msg = String((e && e.message) || e || '')
  return /ENOENT|No such file|not found/i.test(msg)
}

/**
 * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
 * @param {unknown} buf
 * @returns {Uint8Array}
 */
function bareOsToU8(ctx, buf) {
  if (!buf) return new Uint8Array(0)
  if (buf instanceof Uint8Array) return buf
  if (ctx && ctx.b4a && typeof ctx.b4a.from === 'function') return ctx.b4a.from(buf)
  return new Uint8Array(buf)
}

/** @param {string} dir @param {string} name */
function bareOsJoinPath(dir, name) {
  const d = String(dir || '').replace(/\/+$/, '')
  const n = String(name || '').replace(/^\/+/, '')
  if (!d || d === '/') return '/' + n
  return d + '/' + n
}

/** @param {string} p */
function bareOsBaseName(p) {
  const t = String(p || '').replace(/\/+$/, '')
  if (!t || t === '/') return t === '/' ? '/' : ''
  const i = t.lastIndexOf('/')
  return i < 0 ? t : t.slice(i + 1) || t
}

/** @param {string} p */
function bareOsParentDir(p) {
  const t = String(p || '').replace(/\/+$/, '') || '/'
  if (t === '/') return '/'
  const i = t.lastIndexOf('/')
  return i <= 0 ? '/' : t.slice(0, i) || '/'
}

/** @param {string} p */
function bareOsNormPath(p) {
  return String(p || '').replace(/\/+$/, '') || '/'
}

/**
 * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
 * @param {string} p
 */
function bareOsResolvePath(ctx, p) {
  if (ctx && ctx.vfs && typeof ctx.vfs.resolveLogical === 'function') {
    try {
      return String(ctx.vfs.resolveLogical(p) || p)
    } catch {
      /* fall through */
    }
  }
  return String(p || '')
}

/**
 * True when dest is src or lives under src (self-copy / self-move).
 * @param {Record<string, unknown>} ctx
 * @param {string} src
 * @param {string} dest
 */
function bareOsDestInsideSrc(ctx, src, dest) {
  const s = bareOsNormPath(bareOsResolvePath(ctx, src))
  const d = bareOsNormPath(bareOsResolvePath(ctx, dest))
  if (s === d) return true
  if (s === '/') return d !== '/'
  return d === s || d.startsWith(s + '/')
}

const BARE_OS_B64_ALPH =
  'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'

/** @param {Uint8Array} u8 */
function bareOsB64Encode(u8) {
  let out = ''
  let i = 0
  for (; i + 2 < u8.length; i += 3) {
    const n = (u8[i] << 16) | (u8[i + 1] << 8) | u8[i + 2]
    out +=
      BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 18) & 63] +
      BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 12) & 63] +
      BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 6) & 63] +
      BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[n & 63]
  }
  const rest = u8.length - i
  if (rest === 1) {
    const n = u8[i] << 16
    out += BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 18) & 63] + BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 12) & 63] + '=='
  } else if (rest === 2) {
    const n = (u8[i] << 16) | (u8[i + 1] << 8)
    out +=
      BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 18) & 63] +
      BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 12) & 63] +
      BARE_OS_B64_ALPH[(n >> 6) & 63] +
      '='
  }
  return out
}

/**
 * RFC 4648 Base64 decode (also accepts URL-safe alphabet). Rejects junk.
 * @param {string} s
 * @returns {Uint8Array}
 */
function bareOsB64Decode(s) {
  const t = String(s).replace(/\s+/g, '')
  if (!t) return new Uint8Array(0)
  if (t.length % 4 === 1) throw new Error('invalid base64 length')
  let pad = 0
  if (t.endsWith('==')) pad = 2
  else if (t.endsWith('=')) pad = 1
  const body = pad ? t.slice(0, t.length - pad) : t
  const bytes = []
  let buf = 0
  let bits = 0
  for (let i = 0; i < body.length; i++) {
    const c = body[i]
    let v = BARE_OS_B64_ALPH.indexOf(c)
    if (v < 0) {
      if (c === '-') v = 62
      else if (c === '_') v = 63
      else throw new Error('invalid base64 character')
    }
    buf = (buf << 6) | v
    bits += 6
    if (bits >= 8) {
      bits -= 8
      bytes.push((buf >> bits) & 255)
    }
  }
  if (pad) {
    const want = Math.floor((body.length * 6) / 8)
    if (bytes.length > want) bytes.length = want
  }
  return new Uint8Array(bytes)
}

/**
 * @param {string} s
 * @returns {Uint8Array}
 */
function bareOsHexDecode(s) {
  const t = String(s).replace(/\s+/g, '')
  if (t.length % 2 !== 0) throw new Error('odd hex length')
  const out = new Uint8Array(t.length / 2)
  for (let i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
    const pair = t.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2)
    if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{2}$/.test(pair)) throw new Error('invalid hex')
    out[i] = Number.parseInt(pair, 16)
  }
  return out
}

/** @param {Uint8Array} u8 */
function bareOsHexEncode(u8) {
  let s = ''
  for (let i = 0; i < u8.length; i++) s += u8[i].toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
  return s
}

/** Unescape \\n \\t \\r \\\\ and octal \\ddd inside FORMAT (POSIX-style subset). */
function barePrintfUnescapeFormat(fmt) {
  let o = ''
  for (let i = 0; i < fmt.length; i++) {
    if (fmt[i] !== '\\') {
      o += fmt[i]
      continue
    }
    const c = fmt[++i]
    if (c === undefined) break
    if (c === 'n') o += '\n'
    else if (c === 't') o += '\t'
    else if (c === 'r') o += '\r'
    else if (c === '\\') o += '\\'
    else if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
      let oct = c
      while (i + 1 < fmt.length && /[0-7]/.test(fmt[i + 1]) && oct.length < 3)
        oct += fmt[++i]
      o += String.fromCharCode(Number.parseInt(oct, 8) & 0xff)
    } else o += c
  }
  return o
}

/** @param {string} s */
function barePrintfBackslashArg(s) {
  let o = ''
  for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
    if (s[i] !== '\\') {
      o += s[i]
      continue
    }
    const c = s[++i]
    if (c === undefined) break
    if (c === 'n') o += '\n'
    else if (c === 't') o += '\t'
    else if (c === 'r') o += '\r'
    else if (c === '\\') o += '\\'
    else if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
      let oct = c
      while (i + 1 < s.length && /[0-7]/.test(s[i + 1]) && oct.length < 3)
        oct += s[++i]
      o += String.fromCharCode(Number.parseInt(oct, 8) & 0xff)
    } else o += c
  }
  return o
}

/** Left-pad to width (capped); spaces or ASCII zero. */
function barePrintfPadLeft(s, width, zero) {
  const n = Math.min(Math.max(0, width | 0), 256)
  if (!n || s.length >= n) return s
  const pad = zero ? '0' : ' '
  return pad.repeat(n - s.length) + s
}

function barePrintfFormat(fmt, args) {
  let ai = 0
  let o = ''
  for (let i = 0; i < fmt.length; i++) {
    if (fmt[i] !== '%') {
      o += fmt[i]
      continue
    }
    if (fmt[i + 1] === '%') {
      o += '%'
      i++
      continue
    }
    let j = i + 1
    let zeroPad = false
    if (fmt[j] === '0') {
      zeroPad = true
      j++
    }
    let width = 0
    while (j < fmt.length && fmt[j] >= '0' && fmt[j] <= '9') {
      width = Math.min(width * 10 + (fmt[j].charCodeAt(0) - 48), 256)
      j++
    }
    while (j < fmt.length && /[.#\-+ ]/.test(fmt[j])) j++
    const spec = fmt[j] || 's'
    const arg = args[ai++]
    let piece = ''
    if (spec === 's') piece = String(arg)
    else if (spec === 'd' || spec === 'i')
      piece = String(Math.trunc(Number(arg)))
    else if (spec === 'u') piece = String(Math.trunc(Number(arg)) >>> 0)
    else if (spec === 'x') piece = (Math.trunc(Number(arg)) >>> 0).toString(16)
    else if (spec === 'X')
      piece = (Math.trunc(Number(arg)) >>> 0).toString(16).toUpperCase()
    else if (spec === 'o') piece = (Math.trunc(Number(arg)) >>> 0).toString(8)
    else if (spec === 'c') {
      const a0 = arg
      piece =
        typeof a0 === 'string' && a0.length > 0
          ? a0[0]
          : String.fromCharCode(Number(a0) || 0)
    } else if (spec === 'f') piece = String(Number(arg))
    else if (spec === 'e') piece = Number(arg).toExponential(6)
    else if (spec === 'E')
      piece = Number(arg).toExponential(6).replace(/e/g, 'E')
    else if (spec === 'b') piece = barePrintfBackslashArg(String(arg))
    else piece = String(arg)

    if (
      width > 0 &&
      (spec === 'd' ||
        spec === 'i' ||
        spec === 'u' ||
        spec === 'x' ||
        spec === 'X' ||
        spec === 'o')
    ) {
      if (zeroPad && piece.startsWith('-')) {
        o += '-' + barePrintfPadLeft(piece.slice(1), width - 1, true)
      } else {
        o += barePrintfPadLeft(piece, width, zeroPad)
      }
    } else if (width > 0 && spec === 's') {
      o += barePrintfPadLeft(piece, width, false)
    } else {
      o += piece
    }
    i = j
  }
  return o
}

async function run(ctx, argv) {
  if (argv.length < 2) {
    ctx.console.error('usage: printf FORMAT [ARG...]')
    ctx.exitCode = 1
    return
  }
  const fmt = argv[1]
  const args = argv.slice(2)
  const unescaped = barePrintfUnescapeFormat(fmt)
  const consumes = countPrintfArgs(unescaped)
  let out = ''
  if (consumes <= 0 || args.length === 0) {
    out = barePrintfFormat(unescaped, args)
  } else {
    for (let off = 0; off < args.length || off === 0; off += consumes) {
      out += barePrintfFormat(unescaped, args.slice(off))
      if (off + consumes >= args.length) break
    }
  }
  if (typeof ctx.bareOsBinWrite === 'function') bareOsEmitRaw(ctx, out)
  else ctx.console.log(out)
}

function countPrintfArgs(fmt) {
  let n = 0
  for (let i = 0; i < fmt.length; i++) {
    if (fmt[i] !== '%') continue
    if (fmt[i + 1] === '%') {
      i++
      continue
    }
    n++
    while (i + 1 < fmt.length && /[0-9.#\-+ ]/.test(fmt[i + 1])) i++
  }
  return n
}